摘 要:針對在DTN中使用蔓延路由協(xié)議,受轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點的緩存限制,導致遞交率因網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞而下降的問題,在分析比較幾種報文丟棄策略的基礎(chǔ)上,提出一種改進的擁塞控制方案。當擁塞發(fā)生時,對節(jié)點緩存中超過某個TTL門限的報文進行丟棄。將改善遞交率作為主要參數(shù),使用ONE仿真器對改進方案的性能進行仿真和比較。結(jié)果顯示,這種方案很好地實現(xiàn)了擁塞控制。關(guān)鍵詞:DTN; 蔓延路由; 擁塞控制; 遞交率
中圖分類號:TN915.0-34; TP393 文獻標識碼:B 文章編號:1004-373X(2010)16-0169-03
Strategy for Congestion Control of Epidemic Routing Protocal in DTN
DOU Fei, GAO Yong-zhi
(MOE Key Lab of ICSP, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China)
Abstract:Base on the analysis and contrast of the message discard policy, an approach of the improved congestion control is proposed for overcoming the buffer limitation and decrease of the delivery ratio caused by the network congestion as the epidemic routing protocal is adopted in DTN. The messages that exceed the certain threshold of TTL in the nobe buffer memory are discarded when the congestion occurs. Taking the performance of delivery ratio as the major parameter, ONE simulator with the realistic mobility traces is adopted to simulate and contrast the improved scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme does a good job for congestion control.Keywords:DTN; epidemic routing; congestion control; delivery ratio
收稿日期:2010-03-26
DTN(delay/disruption tolerant network) [1-3]是一種具有缺乏連接保證、超長傳輸延遲、間歇連通等特性的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在DTN中,報文是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點的“存儲-攜帶-轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)”來進行傳輸?shù)摹9?jié)點攜帶并復制報文,遇到下一跳節(jié)點就將報文復制轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)出去。為了保證遞交率,每個節(jié)點應(yīng)該盡量多地攜帶報文,這就使得節(jié)點緩存會很快地被占滿,從而產(chǎn)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞,遞交率反而會受到影響。
要解決上述矛盾,就必須研究擁塞控制方案,一種很好的方案是丟棄網(wǎng)絡(luò)中已經(jīng)成功遞交的報文復制。然而,由于DTN特殊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)、報文遞交狀態(tài)很難預測,所以只能通過猜測最可能已經(jīng)成功遞交的報文,然后將它丟棄來達到釋放緩存的目的。目前的丟棄策略[4]主要有丟棄最新接收到的報文(drop last,DL)、丟棄最先接收到的報文(drop front,DF)、丟棄剩余TTL最少的報文(drop oldest,DO)、丟棄剩余TTL最大的報文(drop youngest,DY)。文獻[5]中證實,在蔓延(epidemic)路由協(xié)議[6-8]中采用DO可以獲得更好的遞交率和延遲性能。這是因為報文的TTL(time to live )剩余越少,說明這個報文在網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在的時間越久,那么它已經(jīng)遞交的可能性最大,將這個報文的復制丟棄,以此來獲取緩存可以最小地改善總遞交率。……