小葉三點金的黃酮類成分研究

劉小輝,王長虹,侴桂新,華 燕

1西南林學院,昆明 650224; 2中藥標準化教育部重點實驗室上海中醫藥大學中藥研究所,上海 201210

小葉三點金的黃酮類成分研究

劉小輝1,2,王長虹2,侴桂新2,華 燕1＊

1西南林學院,昆明 650224;2中藥標準化教育部重點實驗室上海中醫藥大學中藥研究所,上海 201210

從小葉三點金 (Desm odium m icrophyllum)乙醇溶液中分離得到 9個黃酮類化合物,通過波譜學方法分別鑒定為 (–)-表兒茶素 (1)、genistein-4′-O-β-glucoside(2)、異葒草苷 (isoorientin,3)、葒草苷 (orientin,4)、木犀草素 (luteotin,5)、異日本獐牙菜素 (isos wertiajaponin,6)、luteoayamenin(7)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷 (luteolin-7-galactoside,8)、木犀草素-7-O-鼠李糖苷 (luteolin-7-rhamnoside,9)。所有化合物均為首次在該植物中分離得到。

小葉三點金;化學成分;黃酮

小葉三點金 (Desm odium m icrophyllum)為豆科山螞蝗屬 (Desm odium)植物,別名斑鳩窩、辮子草、碎米柴、爬地香、哮靈草、小葉山綠豆等,以其根及全草入藥。有清熱解毒、利濕通絡、消炎止血、活血化瘀的功能,在民間用于治療尿路感染、糖尿病、泌尿系結石、慢性胃炎、慢性氣管炎等癥[1,2]。近年來對山螞蝗屬的植物研究發現,該屬植物具有良好的鎮痛、消炎、抗氧化、保護血管等作用[3-6]。我們對民間藥用植物小葉三點金進行了系統的化學成分研究,從中分離得到 9個黃酮類型的化合物,均為首次在該植物中分離得到。

1 儀器和材料

LCQ DECAXPplus質譜儀;Brucker AM500型核磁共振儀(T MS為內標);柱層析硅膠和薄層層析硅膠(青島海洋化工廠);凝膠 Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia公司)。

小葉三點金采自云南省嵩明縣,由西南林學院杜凡教授鑒定為小葉三點金 Desm odium m icrophyllum(Thunb.)DC.。

2 提取與分離

小葉三點金藥材全草 5 kg用 75%乙醇提取三次,濾液濃縮得到流浸膏約 2.4 L,大孔吸附樹脂(D101型)吸附,然后依次用水、35%、65%、95%乙醇沖洗,其中 35%乙醇段為黃酮段 (212 g)。黃酮段先用硅膠柱色譜,以氯仿 -甲醇梯度洗脫,由10∶1洗脫部分得到化合物 1(17 mg)、2(28 mg);由 4∶1洗脫部分得到化合物 3(5 mg)、4(20 mg)、6(8 mg)、7(10 mg);由 1∶1洗脫部分得到化合物 5(13 mg)、8(9 mg)和 9(7 mg)。

3 結構鑒定

化合物 1 黃褐色晶體 (甲醇水),C15H14O6。 mp.310～312 ℃,[α= -55.39°(c0.31, MeOH);ESI-MSm/z:289[M-H]–;1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:6.97(1 H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2′), 6.79(1 H,dd,J=8.2,1.9 Hz,H-6′),6.75(1 H,d, J=8.2 Hz,H-5′),5.94(1 H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-8), 5.91(1 H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-6),4.52(1 H,d,J= 8.0 Hz,H-2),4.17(1 H,m,H-3),2.85(1 H,dd,J =16.8,4.6 Hz,H-4α),2.73(1 H,dd,J=16.8,2.9 Hz,H-4β)。13C NMR(125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:80.17 (C-2),67.78(C-3),29.54(C-4),157.96(C-5), 96.71(C-6),158.29(C-7),96.20(C-8),157.66 (C-9),100.39(C-10),132.59(C-1′),116.20(C-2′),146.23(C-3′),146.07(C-4′),115.62(C-5′), 119.71(C-6′)。以上數據與文獻[7]報道一致,故確定該化合物為(–)-表兒茶素。

化合物 2 淡黃色晶體 (甲醇),C21H20O10。mp.255～257℃;ESI-MSm/z:477[M+HCOO]–;1H NMR(500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.93(1 H,s,5-OH),9.60(1 H,s,7-OH),8.42(1 H,s,H-2),7.40 (2 H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.83(2 H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.72(1 H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-8),6.47 (1 H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-6),5.06(1 H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1″),3.71(1 H,m,H-6″a),3.51(2 H,m,H-5″,6″b),3.28(2 H,m,H-2″,3″),3.18(1 H,m,H-4″)。13C NMR(125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:154.55(C-2),122.54(C-3),180.49(C-4),161.61(C-5), 99.55(C-6),162.99(C-7),94.51(C-8),157.19 (C-9),106.06(C-10),120.97(C-1′),130.13(C-2′,6′),115.06(C-3′,5′),157.47(C-4′),99.84 (C-1″),73.05(C-2″),76.38(C-3″),69.58(C-4″),77.16(C-5″),60.60(C-6″)。以上數據與文獻[8]報道一致,故確定該化合物為 genistein-4′-O-βglucoside。

化合物 3 亮黃色粉末 (甲醇),C21H20O11。mp.255～258℃;ESI-MSm/z:447[M-H]–;1H NMR(500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.57(1 H,s,5-OH),10.56(1 H,br.s,7-OH),9.91(1 H,s,4′-OH),9.41(1 H,s,3′-OH),7.43(1 H,dd,J=2.2, 8.2 Hz,H-6′),7.41(1 H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-2′),6.90 (1 H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5′),4.60(1 H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-1″),糖上的其它氫信號δ:4.86～3.20 ppm。13C NMR(125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:164.33(C-2), 103.50(C-3),182.56(C-4),161.38(C-5),94.17 (C-6),163.91(C-7),109.55(C-8),156.88(C-9),104.10(C-10),122.12(C-1′),113.99(C-2′), 146.43(C-3′),150.37 (C-4′),116.74 (C-5′), 119.67(C-6′),73.72(C-1″),71.30(C-2″),79.62 (C-3″),70.88(C-4″),82.27(C-5″),62.18(C-6″)。以上數據與文獻[9]報道一致,故確定該化合物為異葒草苷。

化合物 4 黃色粉末 (甲醇),C21H20O11。mp.256～258℃;ESI-MSm/z:447[M-H]-;1H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.17(1 H,s,5-OH), 10.80(1 H,br.s,4′-OH),10.02(1 H,s,3′-OH), 9.04(1 H,s,7-OH),7.53(1 H,dd,J=1.8,8.4 Hz,H-6′),7.48(1 H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2′),6.87(1 H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5′),糖區還給出氫信號δ:4.97～3.26 ppm。13C NMR (125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 164.08 (C-2),102.41 (C-3),182.02 (C-4), 160.37(C-5),98.11(C-6),162.53(C-7),104.53 (C-8),155.99(C-9),104.03(C-10),122.02(C-1′),114.08(C-2′),145.80(C-3′),149.58(C-4′), (C-5′),119.37(C-6′),78.76(C-1″),73.39(C-2″),70.88(C-3″),70.69(C-4″),82.00(C-5″), 61.63(C-6″)。以上數據與文獻[10]報道一致,故確定該化合物為葒草苷。

化合物 5 土黃色粉末 (氯仿甲醇),C15H10O6。mp.328～330℃;ESI-MSm/z:285[M-H]-;1H NMR (500 MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.37(1 H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-6′),7.37(1 H,br.s,H-2′),6.89(1 H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-5′),6.53(1 H,s,H-3),6.43(1 H,d,J=1.3 Hz,H-8),6.20(1 H,d,J=1.5 Hz,H-6)。13C NMR (125 MHz,CD3OD)δ:164.82(C-2),102.68(C-3),182.69(C-4),162.04(C-5),98.91(C-6), 165.18(C-7),93.79(C-8),158.23(C-9),104.12 (C-10),122.50(C-1′),112.96(C-2′),145.86(C-3′),149.80(C-4′),115.59(C-5′),119.10(C-6′)。以上數據與文獻[011]報道一致,故確定該化合物為木犀草素。

化合物 6 亮黃色粉末 C22H22O11。mp.280～282℃;ESI-MSm/z:461[M-H]-;1H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.50(1 H,br.s,5-OH),9.96 (1 H,br.s,4′-OH),9.35(1 H,br.s,3′-OH)為活潑氫信號;7.48(1 H,br.s,2′-H);7.47(1 H,d,J= 8.0 Hz,6′-H),6.91(1 H,d,J=8.0 Hz,5′-H),6.79 (1 H,s,3-H),6.78(H,s,6-H),3.90(3 H,s,6-OCH3)。13C NMR(125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:164.02 (C-2),103.09(C-3),182.12(C-4),159.56(C-5),90.04(C-6),163.72(C-7),104.57(C-8), 156.78(C-9),104.57 (C-10),121.34 (C-1′), 113.50(C-2′),145.76 (C-3′),149.79 (C-4′), 115.95 (C-5′),119.03 (C-6′),72.80 (C-1″), 70.82(C-2″),79.06(C-3″),70.25(C-4″),81.65 (C-5″),61.73(C-6″),56.45(6-OCH3)。以上數據與文獻[12]報道一致,故確定該化合物為異日本獐牙菜素。

化合物 7 亮黃色粉末,C22H22O11。mp.184～185℃;ESI-MSm/z:461[M-H]-;1H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.50(1 H,br.s,5-OH),9.96 (1 H,br.s,4′-OH),9.35(1 H,br.s,3′-OH)為活潑氫信號;7.48(1 H,br.s,2′-H),7.47(1 H,d,J= 8.0 Hz,6′-H),6.91(1 H,d,J=8.0 Hz,5′-H),6.75 (1 H,s,3-H),6.73(1 H,s,8-H),3.87(3 H,s,6-OCH3)。13C NMR(125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:163.88 (C-2),103.09(C-3),181.80(C-4),160.30(C-5),109.64(C-6),164.92(C-7),90.88(C-8), 156.78(C-9),104.07 (C-10),121.34 (C-1′), 113.50(C-2′),145.76 (C-3′),149.79 (C-4′), 115.95 (C-5′),119.03 (C-6′),72.55 (C-1″), 70.90(C-2″),79.06(C-3″),70.25(C-4″),81.83 (C-5″),61.73(C-6″),56.21(6-OCH3)。以上數據與文獻[13]報道一致,故確定該化合物為 Luteoayamenin。

化合物 8 亮黃色粉末 C21H20O11。mp.230～232℃;ESI-MSm/z:447[M-H]-;1H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.03(1 H,br.s,5-OH),9.61 (2 H,br.s,3′,4′-OH),為活潑氫信號。13C NMR (125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:165.02(C-2),103.73(C-3),182.42(C-4),161.68(C-5),98.57(C-6), 163.06(C-7),95.17(C-8),157.02(C-8a),105.91 (C-4a),121.90(C-1′),114.06(C-2′),146.33(C-3′),150.48(C-4′),116.53(C-5′),119.71(C-6′), 100.99(C-1″),74.52(C-2″),79.85(C-3″),70.95 (C-4″),77.52(C-5″),61.02(C-6″)。以上數據與文獻[14]報道一致,故確定該化合物為木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。

化合物 9 亮黃色粉末,C21H20O10。mp.233～234℃;ESI-MSm/z:431[M-H]-;1H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.03(1 H,br.s,5-OH),9.61 (2 H,br.s,3′,4′-OH),為活潑氫信號。13C NMR (125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:165.02(C-2),103.73(C-3),182.42(C-4),161.68(C-5),98.57(C-6), 163.06(C-7),95.17(C-8),157.02(C-9),105.91 (C-10),121.90(C-1′),114.06(C-2′),146.33(C-3′),150.48(C-4′),116.53(C-5′),119.71(C-6′), 99.83(C-1″),70.30(C-2″),72.39(C-3″),64.73 (C-4″),68.87(C-5″),18.64(C-6″)。以上數據與文獻[15]報道一致,故確定該化合物為木犀草素-7-O-鼠李糖苷。

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Flavonoids ofDesm odium m icrophyllum

L IU Xiao-hui1,2,WANG Chang-hong2,CHOU Gui-xin2,HUA Yan1＊1Southwest Forestry College,Kunm ing 650224,China;2Key Laboratory of Standardization of ChineseM edicines,M inistry of Education,Institute of ChineseM aterialM edic of Shanghai University of Traditional ChineseM edicine,Shanghai 201210,China

Nine flavonoidswere isolated from thewhole plantofDesmodium m icrophyllum,and identified as(–)-epicatechin(1),genistein-4′-O-β-glucoside(2),isoorientin(3),orientin(4),luteotin(5),isos wertiajaponin(6),luteoayamenin(7),luteolin-7-galactoside(8),and luteolin-7-rhamnoside(9).These compoundswere isolated fromDesm odium m icrophyllumfor the first time.

Desmodium m icrophyllum;chemical constituents;flavonoids

1001-6880(2010)06-0976-04

2008-12-15 接受日期:2009-04-09

中藥標準化教育部重點實驗室開放課題基金資助(ZK-0601)

＊通訊作者 Tel:86-871-3863022;E-mail:huayan@mail.kib.ac.cn

R284.1;Q946.91

A