寫好summary的技巧

眾所周知，A summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed. 按近三年的高考評卷要求，摘要部分單獨計分，約30 words，滿分5分。要寫好Summary，讀懂短文內容是切入點。

一、寫作技巧

首先，這樣設想:這篇文章只有你讀過，你能否把主要內容用書面形式轉告給你的同學或朋友，讓他們看后一目了然。明確了寫summary就是這么一回事之后，因限制大約30個詞，考生得開門見山，并掌握寫summary的具體方法:

1. 省略細節、省略解釋、省略重復、省略例子;省略開場白(如省去The passage is about.../ The passage tells us.../From the passage.../The author tells...);

2. 用概括性詞語代替詞組。如表達“事實上”盡量用 “actually”，而不用“as a matter of fact”;

3. 用分隔符號、分詞結構等代替復合句;

4. 用最簡練的連詞，如but，then，thus，yet，for等過渡;

5. 將主題句變同義句，用第三人稱改為間接引語;

6. 尊重作者觀點，不含自己建議;

7. 適當運用非謂語動詞短語、with短語、倒裝句型、定語從句等。

另外，寫摘要時還要考慮閱讀材料的文體:

1. 如果閱讀材料是記敘文，一般應包括六要素，如某人因何原因在何時何地做了何事，結果如何。有時不一定有六要素，但“某人做了某事”則是必有的。

2. 如果閱讀材料是夾敘夾議，除體現記敘文六要素外，還要加上該故事給你的啟示或感悟;

3. 如果閱讀材料是說明性或描述性短文，考生就必須用概括的文字來說明某種事物或現象的最主要的特征。

4. 如果閱讀材料是議論文，考生盡可能客觀簡要地轉述作者的論點和論據等，特別是論點，關鍵是找主題句。

二、實例分析

閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

I was brought up in the countryside by my grandmother. She was very courageous and inspiring woman and was very beautiful，too. In comparison with her or some of my classmates，I always felt that I was not beautiful or pretty. In fact，when I was studying in middle school，I thought I was ugly and just because of these negative feelings I was not very confident. I often felt self-conscious. One day when I was walking with my grandmother after lunch，we met one of her friends. We talked for a few minutes. Just as my grandmother’s friend was about to leave，she turned to me and said，“Xiao Wen，you look so beautiful today in that green dress.”

No one had ever made a comment like that to me before. It was so encouraging. Suddenly I felt confident and happy. I couldn’t believe that someone described me as beautiful. It is true that those words turned my life around. And I admit that I treasured that green dress for a long time.

【寫作內容】

1. 以約30個詞概括短文的要點;

2. 然后以約120個詞寫一篇記敘文，描寫表揚或稱贊給人帶來的愉快和鼓舞，并包括以下要點:

(a)敘述你或你的朋友被老師或其他人表揚的一次真實或虛構的經歷;

(b)被表揚后的感覺是怎么樣的;

(c)這次稱贊、表揚帶來的影響。

【寫作要求】

1. 可以參照閱讀材料的篇章結構，組織故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子;

2. 標題自定。

閱讀這篇文章后，可按以下步驟寫summary:

1. 確定文體:記敘文。

2. 主要內容:

某人——沒自信的“我”;

做了某事——受到奶奶朋友的贊揚;

結果如何——很激動，增強了自信心，改變了人生。

3. 用自己的話轉述出來。

參考summary:

(1)Having felt frustrated，once the author was praised by one of her grandmother’s friends for wearing beautiful green dress，from which she gained confidence and changed her life completely. (29 words )

(2)Praised by one of her grandmother’s friends for wearing beautiful green dress，the author became excited and cheerful，after which she gained confidence even changed attitudes towards herself. (28 words)

三、實戰練習

閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫30個詞概括短文的要點。

Everyone has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing，some are moving，and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine.

Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait，I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later，I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff，preparing to go back home.

Just then，I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise，his basket was full of fish，so 1 went over to him，wanting to know why. “Excuse me，but how long have you sat here?”I asked “About four hours.” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldn’t believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient，”the old man said. “Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it. ”Suddenly，I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait，but I didn’t move and waited to the right moment to reel it in. At last，I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours，I caught over 10 fish.

On my way home，I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.

參考summary:

Like others，the writer also experienced an unforgettable fishing last Sunday. Having fished two hours，but gained none，which made him hopeless，however，with patience he succeeded eventually.(28 words)

責任編校蔣小青