利用前后搭配解答完形填空題

所謂前后搭配，包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與其賓語的搭配、句式結(jié)構(gòu)上的搭配和習(xí)語搭配等。在解答完形填空時，充分考慮這些搭配關(guān)系，有助于我們作出正確選擇。

一、動介搭配

根據(jù)動詞與其后介詞的搭配關(guān)系來選擇一個恰當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~。

[例1]On April 12， 1888， Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper____________his brother for him and...(2009年廣東高考21題)

A. foundB. misunderstood

C. mistookD. judged

[解析]能與介詞for構(gòu)成“X for Y”的，在四個選項中只有選項C，mistake X for Y 意為“誤以為X是Y”，故選C。

二、動賓搭配

根據(jù)動詞與其賓語是否可以搭配、在意義上是否符合邏輯或常識來確定選用哪個動詞。

[例2]Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to____________the Nobel prizes， which would be awarded to people who... (2009年廣東高考28題)

A. establishB. form

C. developD. promote

[解析]在不定式短語中，賓語是“諾貝爾獎”，動詞該用哪一個?設(shè)立?形成?發(fā)展?促進?根據(jù)常識，能與“獎項”搭配的，在這四個選項中只有“設(shè)立”，故選A。

三、句式搭配

根據(jù)句式或句型的搭配關(guān)系來確定填哪一個詞。

[例3]The book tells us of useful skills such as how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to____________your memory better. (2009年肇慶一模25題)

A. makeB. turnC. 1etD. change

[解析]在四個選項中，能接“賓語+形容詞作賓補”的只有選項A，make your memory better意為“使你的記憶力變得更好”，故選A。

四、習(xí)語搭配

根據(jù)習(xí)慣用語的固定搭配來確定正確選項。

[例4]Intellectual property (IP) (知識產(chǎn)權(quán)) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept____________back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. (2009年茂名二模21題)

A. holdsB. datesC. setsD. turns

[解析] date back to是慣用短語，意為“追溯到”，故選B。

值得注意的是，解題時，不能一看到搭配就選答案，這樣往往容易出錯。因為有時單獨看空格前后或單獨看空格所在句，除正確選項外，其他選項也可能與其前后構(gòu)成搭配，這時，還需要根據(jù)上下文的意思和邏輯，同時也需要結(jié)合生活常識才能定奪。

[例5] Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes， which would be awarded to people who made great____________to the causes of peace， literature， and the sciences. (2009年廣東高考29題)

A. additionsB. sacrifices

C. changesD. contributions

[解析] 四個選項填入空格，都可構(gòu)成習(xí)語搭配，分別表示“給……增加些裝飾”“對……作出犧牲”“對……作改動”“對……作貢獻”，但根據(jù)句意和常識，獎項應(yīng)當(dāng)獎給那些為和平、文學(xué)和科學(xué)“作出貢獻”的人，故選D。再說，雖然都可構(gòu)成搭配，但對考生來說，特別是對中下成績的考生來說，熟悉的搭配可能只有make contributions to...(對……作貢獻)。

●即時練習(xí)●

1. Dance can be art， ritual， or recreation. It goes beyond the functional purposes of the movement used in work or athletics in order to express emotions， moods， or ideas; tell a story;____________religious， political， economic， or social needs; ... (2009華附三模22題)

A. doB. haveC. performD. serve

2. It was a beautiful letter， but there was no way， except for the name Michael， to identify the owner. Maybe if I called the information center， the operator could find a phone listing for the address on the envelope. Actually， I took great____________to find both Hannah and Michael， who still remained single.(2009年深圳二模30題)

A. painsB. risksC. actionsD. cautions

3. Participating workplaces let employees wear jeans on October 5 for a $5 donation. “It’s a real way for everyone to feel like they’re making a____________，” says the Emmy-winning actress.(2009佛山一模30題)

A. differenceB. decisionC. friendD. profit

4. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further， he/she must consult the original artists， who will normally be____________financially for its use. (2009年湛江一模25題)

A. rewardedB. praised

C. awardedD. punished

5. On April 12， 1888， Alfred’s brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook his brother for him and carried an article____________the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead.” the article read. (2009年廣東高考22題)

A. introducingB. announcing

C. implyingD. advertising

答案與解析

1. D。與賓語neeeds搭配，表示“滿足需要”，選項中只有動詞serve，故選D。

2. A。因表示“煞費苦心做某事”是take great pains to do sth，故選A。另外，take risks to do sth“冒險做某事”，take actions to do sth“采取行動做某事”不合語境。

3. A。make a difference 意為“有影響，起作用”。根據(jù)上文:Hargitay發(fā)起一個為乳腺癌研究募款的項目，即通過上班穿牛仔褲的員工捐款5元錢。她認為這是一個讓每個人感覺在起作用，出一份力的有效途徑。

4. A。“reward for sth./doing sth.”即“為(做)某事而報答”，“award sb. sth./sth. to sb.”即“授予某人某物”，可知A項正確。

5. B。由常識可知，報社應(yīng)是“發(fā)布”消息;根據(jù)動賓關(guān)系，能與賓語“阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾死亡的消息”搭配的也應(yīng)當(dāng)是“發(fā)布”，而不是“介紹”“暗示”“給……做廣告”，故選B，announce (give information about)。

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