記敘文的閱讀方法與解題技巧

記敘文通常以時間為順序，用直觀、形象的語言描述人物故事或事情經過。2009年廣東英語高考所考查的三篇閱讀理解文章中，兩篇均是以時間為順序的記敘文，應引起考生對記敘文閱讀的足夠重視。

一、閱讀方法

考生在閱讀記敘文時，應注意以下兩點:

1. 理清事情發展的脈絡——起因、經過、結果，以及作者敘述故事的目的。考場中的閱讀文章可能是節選于文學名著，不一定是開門見山地敘述事情始末，這時，考生應該在通讀全文后，重新理清故事發展的整體思路。

2. 理解人物關系和人物之間的對話。為了使表達簡練、生動和行文流暢，記敘文多使用代詞替代前文出現的人物或事情，對話中通常也沒有明確列出說話人的名字。考生需要根據事情發展，通過邏輯、因果關系判斷指代關系和對話所屬。

二、解題技巧

1. 對原因、目的、地點、人物行為等的提問。建議考生在閱讀文章前閱讀題干及選項并劃出because， in order to以及人物名字等關鍵詞，然后在文章中搜索對應詞語，迅速找到關鍵句。

2. 對推斷詞義或句義、人物性格、隱含細節等題目，可根據上下文、人物語言、文章所使用的形容詞等作為推理依據。

3. 對于考查作者寫作目的(purpose)、主要內容(main idea)、提煉標題(best title)、作者態度(attitude)等題目，考生可通過文體和作者態度排除部分選項。若作者態度中立(objective /neutral)，寫作目的、標題等都不應體現個人主觀觀點，一般不能出現表明褒貶的詞語，如praise， think highly /ill of， punish， scold等。

4. 有時也會對寫作手法進行考查，如使用了什么寫作順序、修辭手法等。中文和英文的寫作手法大致相同，考生可結合語文常識進行解答。例如，引用名人的話語或者例子，是為了使文章更生動、更有說服力;對景物的描寫，是為了烘托人物的心情。

三、實例分析

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項。

[1]Passing through the Atlanta airport one morning， I caught one of those trains that take travelers from the main terminal to their boarding gates. The trains run back and forth all day long. Not many people consider them fun， but on this Saturday I heard laughter.

[2] At the front of the first car - looking out the window at the track that lay ahead - were a man and his son.

[3]We had just stopped to let off passengers， and the doors were closing again. “Here we go! Hold on to me tight!” the father said. The boy， about five years old， made sounds of delight.

[4]Most people on the train were white， dressed for business trips or vacations and the father and son were black， dressed in clothes that were just about as inexpensive as you can buy.

[5]“Look out there!” the father said to his son. “See that pilot. I bet he’s walking to his plane.” Eagerly， the son craned his neck to look.

[6]As I got off， I remembered something I’d wanted to buy in the terminal. I was early for my flight， so I decided to go back.

[7]I did， and just as I was about to get on the train for my gate， I saw that the man and his son had returned too. I realized then that they hadn’t been heading for a flight， but had just been riding the shuttle.

[8]“I want to ride some more!”

[9]“Once more? You’re not tired?”

[10]“This is fun!”his son said.

[11]“All right.”the father replied， and when a door opened we all got on.

[12]There are parents who can afford to send their children to Europe or Disneyland， and the children turn out rotten. There are parents who live in million-dollar houses and give their children cars and swimming pools， yet something goes wrong. Rich and poor， black and white， so much goes wrong so often. The father and son， though， were just riding this shuttle together， making it exciting， sharing each other’s company. Here was a father who cared about spending the day with his son and who had come up with this plan on a Saturday morning.

[13]The train picked up speed， and the father pointed something out， and the boy laughed again...

1. The father and the son went to airport to________.

A. board their flight

B. see off their relatives

C. meet the pilot face to face

D. enjoy each other’s company

2. The underlined sentence(in Para.5)implies that the son was __________.

A. impatientB. curious

C. frightened D. incredible

3. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The passengers felt bored when waiting for their flight.

B. The father and the son had an unforgettable moment at the airport.

C. The son came up with this plan to spend the weekend.

D. The father and the son were dressed in inexpensive black clothes.

4. It can be inferred from the text that __________.

A. parents should not give whatever their children ask for

B. parent shouldn’t send their children to Disneyland

C. parents should spend more time being in their children’s company

D. there is always something wrong with children from rich families

5. The best title of the text is_________.

A. The Father and the Son

B. A Saturday Morning

C. Heading for a Flight

D. Something Goes Wrong

答案點撥

本文描述一對父子共度周末的美好時光，旨在說明家長花時間陪小孩是一種很好的教育方式。

1. D。細節理解題。由第[7]段最后一句和第[12]段的倒數第二句可知。

2. B。推理判斷題。通過“eagerly”一詞得到提示，并通過下文“兒子要求再次乘坐穿梭車”得知，兒子對機場的事物充滿好奇。

3. B。細節理解題。通讀全文，應選B。選項A在文中沒有提及;選項C錯誤，從第[12]段最后一句得知“這個計劃是由父親提出的”;選項D錯誤，從第[4]段最后一句可知，“父子是黑人”，而不一定是“穿著黑色衣服”。

4. C。推理判斷題。從第[12]段可得知。選項A在文中沒有提及;選項B、D，過于絕對。

5. A。理解主旨題。該題目可通過排除法得出答案。選項B過于廣泛，選項C與文章事實不符，選項D表達過于片面，且與作者想表達的主旨不符。作者用樸實的語言，描述父子之間的一件平凡的事情，因此選項A比較貼切。

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