注意題干中的Not true或EXCEPT

是非判斷題是細(xì)節(jié)題的一種，題干中常有TRUE， NOT true或EXCEPT等，考生要特別留意是否有Not或EXCEPT，否則就容易出錯(cuò)。

請(qǐng)看下面的例題:

Chinese students aren’t the only ones who have a sleep loss problem. In Australia， teenagers are also missing out on， on average， one hour’s sleep every night during the school week.

Organized activities and homework push bedtimes later，the first large-scale Australian study of children’s sleeping habits has revealed(顯示). Their sleep deprivation(剝奪) is enough to cause “serious drop-offs in school performance， attention and memory”，and governments should consider later or flexible school start times，said the study’s leader，Tim Olds.

His survey，of more than 4，000 children aged 9 to 18， found those who slept least did not watch more television but spent their time socializing (相處) with family or friends or listening to music.

“Almost all children get up at 7 or 7∶15 — they have to get to school on time.” said Olds. He favors a later start over an earlier finish because he believes organized sports and activities would still consume the latter end of the day.

Olds’ research also establishes lack of sleep as a cause of weight gain in children， and a possible source of future problems with depression， anxiety and increased susceptibility (易感性) to illness.

It was already known that overweight children sleep less， but Professor Olds found sleep duration(時(shí)長(zhǎng)) was strongly linked to weight across the full range of body sizes. The thinnest children sleep 20 minutes more than the obese. This showed being overweight had no specific effect on sleep patterns， and it was more likely that shorter sleep times stimulate(刺激) appetite and make kids hungry.

The US National Sleep Foundation says teenagers aged 13 to 18 need eight to nine hours’ sleep a night. Younger school-aged kids need 9 to 11 hours.

On that basis，Professor Olds said，half of Australian children are under-sleeping on weekdays and a quarter on weekends.

46. The Australian students surveyed don’t sleep enough because they spend more time on the following EXCEPT _____.

A. organized activities and homework

B. communication with friends and family

C. watching television programs

D. enjoying music

50. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Australian students usually take part in activities in the afternoon.

B. More students are short of sleep on weekends than on weekdays.

C. Being overweight has an effect on the length of the sleeping time.

D. The survey suggests that teenagers need 8-9 hours’ s leep a night.

這篇文章講了澳洲學(xué)生睡眠不足的原因以及睡眠不足引起的影響。

在做題過(guò)程中應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn):

1. 看清題干，把握提問(wèn)重點(diǎn)。閱讀題干時(shí)一定要把TRUE，NOT true或EXCEPT這幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞看清楚，有Not或EXCEPT的是要求考生選出與短文內(nèi)容不符的選項(xiàng)。若不看清Not或EXCEPT，很容易一看到與短文內(nèi)容相符的就認(rèn)為這是正確答案，結(jié)果錯(cuò)了。如我們有的學(xué)生做46題時(shí)沒(méi)有看清EXCEPT，一看到選項(xiàng)A與短文中“Organized activities and homework push bedtimes later”意思相符，就錯(cuò)選A;還有考生看到D選項(xiàng)與文中l(wèi)istening to music意思相符，就錯(cuò)選D。文章第3段說(shuō)這個(gè)調(diào)查“found those who slept least did not watch more television”，所以看太多電視并不是影響睡眠的原因，故選C。

2. 要善于排除干擾項(xiàng)。干擾項(xiàng)一般有以下特點(diǎn):第一，它和原文看似相同卻意思正好相反，如例50題的選項(xiàng)B與原文“half of Australian children are under-sleeping on weekdays and a quarter on weekends”正好相反;第二，“因果倒置”，如例50題的選項(xiàng)C談的是肥胖對(duì)睡眠時(shí)間有影響，而原文“being overweight had no specific effect on sleep patterns， and it was more likely that shorter sleep times triggered appetite-stimulating hormones”說(shuō)明睡眠不足刺激食欲引起了肥胖;第三，“張冠李戴”，如例50題中的選項(xiàng)D，青少年需要的睡眠時(shí)間是The US National Sleep Foundation提出來(lái)的，而不是此調(diào)查的結(jié)論，故D錯(cuò)。

3. 正確的答案必須完全符合原文的意思，不能有絲毫的偏差，由第四段“organized sport and activities would still consume the latter end of the day”可知，學(xué)生通常在一天的后半段時(shí)間進(jìn)行活動(dòng)和鍛煉，所以50題的答案是A項(xiàng)。

責(zé)任編校蔣小青