這場演講發(fā)表于2008年民主黨總統(tǒng)提名人初選階段,奧巴馬與希拉里的角逐正酣之際。以防被抨擊為打種族牌,一直以來雙方都沉著謹(jǐn)慎,避免圍繞種族問題發(fā)表演講。促使奧巴馬首次就種族問題開腔的原因是奧巴馬的前牧師耶利米·賴特(Jeremiah Wright)在布道時說出仇視白人的種族主義言論,各界紛紛要求奧巴馬表態(tài)。
2008年3月18日,奧巴馬選擇了在費(fèi)城的美國憲法中心發(fā)表了這篇長達(dá)30多分鐘的演講。演講中,奧巴馬一方面明確譴責(zé)了賴特牧師所持的種族主義的觀點(diǎn)是扭曲的,另一方面他解釋了這類觀點(diǎn)的歷史淵源,認(rèn)清矛盾的真相并引導(dǎo)國民以發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)和客觀的態(tài)度看問題。當(dāng)時奧巴馬在黨內(nèi)的民調(diào)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于希拉里,但這篇演講猶如一劑定心丸,使他原有的支持者恢復(fù)了信心,更贏得了一片額外的掌聲。
感染力一:喚醒塵封的理想
“1)We the people, in order to form a more perfect union…”
Two hundred and twenty one years ago, in a hall that still stands across the street, a group of men gathered and, with these simple words, launched America’s improbable experiment in democracy.
And yet words on a 2)parchment would not be enough to deliver slaves from 3)bondage, or provide men and women of every color and creed their full rights and 4) obligations as citizens of the United States. What would be needed were Americans in successive generations who were willing to do their part—through protests and struggles, on the streets and in the courts, through a civil war and 5)civil disobedience and always at great risk—to narrow that gap between the promise of our ideals and the reality of their time.
“我們?nèi)嗣瘢瑸榻⒏晟频穆?lián)邦……”
兩百二十一年以前,在一個現(xiàn)今仍屹立在對街的大廳中,一群人匯聚一堂,以這寥寥數(shù)語,推啟了美國這在當(dāng)時看來機(jī)會渺茫的民主實(shí)驗(yàn)。
然而區(qū)區(qū)羊皮紙上的文字,并不足以助奴隸脫離桎梏;或是賦予各種膚色及信仰的男男女女,作為美國公民應(yīng)有的完整權(quán)利及義務(wù)。所需要的,是世世代代愿意盡一己之力的美國人——通過在街頭與法庭上的抗?fàn)幣c奮斗、通過內(nèi)戰(zhàn)及非暴力不合作運(yùn)動并且始終冒著極大風(fēng)險——以行動縮小我們的理想承諾與各時代現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的差距。