設計好英語語法練習題

王金蓮

〔關鍵詞〕 語法練習題;設計;重點;異同;語境

〔中圖分類號〕 G633.41〔文獻標識碼〕 C

〔文章編號〕 1004—0463(2009)10(A)—0063—01

突出重點

SEFC教材Unit1(Book 1)中的練習主要是把直接引語變為間接引語或把間接引語變為直接引語。筆者發現,許多學生在學完這一語法項目后,不能準確地把直接引語變為間接引語或把間接引語變為直接引語,尤其在人稱變化、時態變化等方面存在著問題。根據這一現象,筆者以改錯或單選形式重新設計語法練習題,突出了直接引語和間接引語的重點:連接代(副)詞、語序、主句和從句時態一致等。例如:

(1)The woman told us that she doesnt like Americanmovies very much.

(2)Sarahs friend asked Sarahthat she was going to mail the gifts to her parents.

(3)I asked him how often did he go to visit his hometown.

以上三個例句突出反映了直接引語變間接引語時存在的問題。例(1)主句用過去式,從句也要用相應的過去式,所以“doesnt”應改為didnt。例(2)主句為asked ,所以從句應為疑問句,連接詞“that”應改為if或whether。例(3)連接詞“how often”后應為陳述語序,所以應改為:I asked him how often he went to visit his home town.

另外,還可以把直接引語和間接引語練習改為單項選擇形式,讓學生直接接觸高考題型,更好地掌握這一語法項目。例如:

Peter asked Jim_______________

A. What difference it made.

B. What difference does it make.

C. What difference it makes.

D. What difference did make.

答案為A項。

這樣的語法練習題突出了直接引語變間接引語的重點:選擇正確的連接詞;從句用陳述句語序;主句和從句的時態一致。

區別異同

SEFC高一教材Book1中的Unit 4和Unit 5主要學習定語從句。定語從句的關鍵是理清關系代詞和關系副詞在從句中所作的成分及各自的用法;弄清that和which的區別及限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的區別。但筆者認為書中定語從句的語法練習題,在區別關系代詞及關系副詞異同方面涉及較少,如果把定語從句語法練習題設計成側重對比that,which,when,where異同的改錯或單選練習題,能更好地幫助學生掌握定語從句。例如:

(1)I will never forget the days______________Istayed in your beautiful country.

(2)September 18,1931 is the day______________well never forget.

A. when B. in which

C. that D. for which

在例(1)中,先行詞the days 在定語從句中作時間狀語,故選A項;在例(2)中,先行詞the day 在定語從句中作forget的賓語,故選C項。

創設語境

SEFC教材Book1中的Unit 7、Unit 8和Unit 9的語法以被動語態為主,但筆者認為書中的被動語態練習題主要以被動語態的基本結構和用法的操練為主,缺乏具體的語境和情景。所以在進行這一部分的練習時,教師應從學生的實際出發,提供一些通過具體語境來完成的練習,改變學生死記硬背語法規則的習慣。如可以讓學生做一些有具體語境的被動語態練習題:

(1)I have to go to work by taxi because my car______________at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired

C. is being repairedD. has been repaired

(2)Visitors______________nottotouch the exhibits.

A. will request B. request

C. are requesting D. are requested

句(1)的答案為C項,句(2)的答案為D項。

書中一些語法練習題的重新設計要求教師要充分挖掘教材,改進教材,靈活設計教材內容,盡量為學生提供多樣化的練習題,從而提高語法教學的效率。