發(fā)現(xiàn)式語法教學(xué)的實(shí)踐與思考

熊春紅

2008年高中英語課程改革啟用新教材,采用發(fā)現(xiàn)式語法教學(xué)是本套教材編寫和課堂教學(xué)倡導(dǎo)的新思路。它有兩個主要特點(diǎn):1.教材一般不簡單羅列或直接講解語法結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)則,而是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過觀察、歸納、對比、總結(jié)等方法發(fā)現(xiàn)語法規(guī)則;2.語法學(xué)習(xí)與語言運(yùn)用相結(jié)合,學(xué)習(xí)語法的目的是為了運(yùn)用。

“呈現(xiàn)—發(fā)現(xiàn)--歸納—實(shí)踐—活用”是本套教科書的語法教學(xué)模式。本文以模塊二《Unit3 Computers》為例,談?wù)劚救藢τ⒄Z語法的教學(xué)實(shí)踐。

一、 呈現(xiàn)

依據(jù)教材編排,一個單元基本只介紹一個語法點(diǎn)。在每個單元的Discovering Useful Structure 環(huán)節(jié)的第一部分常呈現(xiàn)出本單元的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目。在Module2的《Unit3 Computers》中呈現(xiàn)的例句是Over timeI have been changed a lot.

二、發(fā)現(xiàn)

然后,筆者要求學(xué)生根據(jù)P21給出的例句,到Reading Passage中去尋找類似的句子。兩分鐘后,同學(xué)們就找出I never forget anything Ihave been told.Ihave been putinto robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.等句子。

三、歸納

句子找出來后,鼓勵同學(xué)們認(rèn)真觀察,自己歸納語法結(jié)構(gòu)形式和功能。在眾多的例句面前,不少同學(xué)都能總結(jié)出Present Percent Passive Voice的結(jié)構(gòu)為have + been + VPP.在此基礎(chǔ)上,引導(dǎo)同學(xué)們補(bǔ)充出它的另一種結(jié)構(gòu):has + been + Vpp 自然是水到渠成了。

四、實(shí)踐

要使學(xué)生真正掌握所學(xué)的語法內(nèi)容,必須設(shè)置一些相關(guān)的語法練習(xí)。語法練習(xí)的設(shè)置要具有層次性,一般包括結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)知性練習(xí)、控制和指導(dǎo)練習(xí)、交流性練習(xí)。

在本單元,筆者給學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備了以下練習(xí):

Ⅰ. Change the following sentences into present perfect passive voice.

1.The scientists have developed a kind of intelligent robot.

2.The shop has repaired my computer very quickly.

3.We have not solved the problem yet.

4.An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.

Ⅱ.Complete the following passage with the verbs in brackets, using the present perfect passive voice.

Notice to parents

Dear parents,

We hope you will welcome this news.

Almost 100 computers ________(give) to us by a local computer company since the end of last year. A decision ________(make) that we will begin a computer teaching experiment in our school. So every teacher _________(provide)with a laptop since the beginning of this term.……

No.7 Middle School

12/08/2008

五、活用

語言的學(xué)習(xí)是為了運(yùn)用。同樣,語法的學(xué)習(xí)也只有在運(yùn)用中才能鞏固掌握。第二天,筆者在課堂上通過口頭交談的方式把頭一天學(xué)的句型和時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)了一遍。 然后,筆者把have/has +been +Vpp 寫在黑板上.“ What would you like to say?”同學(xué)們立刻心領(lǐng)神會,紛紛舉手,造出了如A new English dictionaryhas been boughtby my parents for me. Many treeshave been plantedin the park. 等句子。

當(dāng)然,有些語法知識涉及內(nèi)容多而雜,如定語從句、名詞性從句等教師不可能在一節(jié)課中讓學(xué)生融會貫通、學(xué)以致用,只能是分步進(jìn)行、由簡入深、循序漸進(jìn)。在學(xué)完一個語法知識點(diǎn)后,教師要在課堂上反復(fù)呈現(xiàn),從而喚起學(xué)生的記憶,并通過作業(yè)設(shè)計測試同學(xué)們的掌握程度,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用語法規(guī)則的能力,讓學(xué)生在語言交際中運(yùn)用語法規(guī)則,在運(yùn)用中逐步掌握語法規(guī)則。◆(作者單位:江西省新建縣第三中學(xué))

□責(zé)任編輯:廖淑芳