情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ｃａｎ的考點(diǎn)

王正勛

關(guān)鍵詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；Can；高考；復(fù)習(xí)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can是歷年高考中常考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，其特點(diǎn)總的來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。其運(yùn)用，必須和具體的語(yǔ)境相結(jié)合，根據(jù)上下文的意思去確定；同時(shí)也可用于一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，整體表達(dá)一個(gè)含義。

一、考查其基本意義

1）can可以用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在的或“一般的能力”，即無(wú)論什么時(shí)間想做就能做到的能力，意為“能夠”。

[經(jīng)典考題]

①The biggest problem for most plants,which just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.(2007湖南卷)

A.shantB.cantC.needntD．mustnt

②If it were not for the fact that she sing,I would invite her to the party.(2006福建卷)

A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.might not

解析：①B。cant意為“不能”；shant在陳述句中用于第二或第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話者的意志、命令、約定、決心、警告、威脅等,意為“不應(yīng)該，不要”；neednt“不必”；mustnt“不要”。 本句意為“對(duì)于那些受到威脅而不能起來(lái)迅速逃避的多數(shù)植物來(lái)說(shuō)，其最大的問(wèn)題是動(dòng)物喜歡吃它們”。 ②C。句中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明“fact”的內(nèi)容。該從句應(yīng)用cant來(lái)表示她不會(huì)唱歌的事實(shí)；couldnt為過(guò)去時(shí)，不能用來(lái)表示事實(shí)；shouldnt表“不應(yīng)當(dāng)”；might not表“可能不”。 本句意為“要是他能唱歌的話，我就會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他去參加晚會(huì)。

2）表可能性時(shí)，是指客觀上的可能性。在肯定句中，并不涉及某事具體是否發(fā)生，此種用法常常可以說(shuō)明人或事物的特征，意為“可能”；若指某人或某事一時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，可譯為“有可能，有時(shí)會(huì)”。

[經(jīng)典考題]

①It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but itbe rather cold sometimes.(2008福建卷)

A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would

②A left- luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.(2003全國(guó)卷)

A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will

解析：①B。 這里的意思是有時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)相當(dāng)冷。can用在此處意為“有時(shí)可能會(huì)”；must“必須”；should“應(yīng)該”;would“總是”。②B。can“能夠”，用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性。此句指人可以把包裹存放在行李存放處。should“應(yīng)當(dāng)”;must“必須”,表義務(wù)和責(zé)任；will表示意愿。

3）表示可能性，可用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中，有時(shí)表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。

[經(jīng)典考題]

①How you say that you really understand the whole story it if you have covered only part of the article?(2003上海卷)

A．canB.mustC.needD.may

解析：A。can“可能、能夠”，用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和感嘆句中表示不相信等。must表肯定的推測(cè);need表需要；may表可能，不含驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。本句意為“如果你只看了文章的一部分，怎樣可以說(shuō)你了解了整個(gè)故事呢？”

4）表示推測(cè)，can +動(dòng)詞原形是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)；can +have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中。

[經(jīng)典考題]

①Yoube hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago.(2008浙江卷)

A.wouldntB.cantC.mustntD.neednt

②She have left school,for her bike is still here.(2008天津卷)

A.cantB.wouldntC.shouldntD.neednt

解析：①B。 cant表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)，用于否定句中，意為“不可能”；mustnt意為“禁止”；wouldnt常表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況的虛擬；neednt意為“沒(méi)必要做”。 句意為“你不可能(現(xiàn)在就已)餓了,你兩個(gè)小時(shí)前剛吃的午飯”。 ②A。cant have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，意為“不可能已經(jīng)”；wouldnt have done常表示對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬；shouldnt have done意為“本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做……”；neednt have done意為“本來(lái)不必做……”。句意為“她不可能已離開(kāi)學(xué)校，因?yàn)樗淖孕熊囘€在這兒”。

5）can表示允許或請(qǐng)求時(shí)，意為“可否”，“可以”。使用時(shí)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：①含有以could表示請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句，表達(dá)一種委婉、請(qǐng)求，肯定回答常用can。②cant用在疑問(wèn)句中，并非真正詢問(wèn)，而是表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，意為“難道……不行嗎？”。

①You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book.Youfind the book by the title.(2008湖南卷)

A.mustB.needC.canD.would

②—Could I borrow your dictionary?

—Yes,of course you.(1992全國(guó)卷)

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

③—Mum,Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. I go out and play with Tom for a while?

—No,Im afraid not.Besides, its raining outside now.(2004遼寧卷)

A.CantB.WouldntC.May notD.Wont

解析：：①C。can“可以”表允許；must“必須”；need“需要”；would表習(xí)慣性。句意為“不必非知道作者的名字，你可以按標(biāo)題查找”。 ②C。題中的could不是過(guò)去時(shí)，而表示一種委婉、客氣的禮貌用語(yǔ)。因此用could提問(wèn)時(shí)，肯定回答用can。③A。本句意為“我從8點(diǎn)就一直學(xué)英語(yǔ)，難道我就不能出去和Tom玩一會(huì)兒?jiǎn)幔俊薄?/p>

二、考查與can連用的一些結(jié)構(gòu)。

1）“cannot/can never … too+形容詞（副詞）或形容詞（副詞）+enough…”意為“無(wú)論怎么也不過(guò)分，越……越好”。

[經(jīng)典考題]

①—Must I turn off the gas after cooking.

—Of course.You can never be____careful with that.(2005江西)

A.enough B.tooC.so D.very

②—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.—You can never becareful in the street.(2003北京春招卷)

A.muchB.veryC.soD.too

解析：①B。根據(jù)對(duì)話可知該句意為“對(duì)于那事你越小心越好”。too位于形容詞或副詞之前，而enough位于形容詞或副詞之后。 ②D。根據(jù)對(duì)話可知該句意為“在街上（騎自行車），你越小心越好”。

2）在交際用語(yǔ)中，“can（could）not + 形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)”意為“非常……，不可能更……”

[經(jīng)典考題]

①—Go for a picnic this weekend,Ok?

— .I love getting close to nature.(2004福建卷)

A.I couldnt agree more B.Im afraid not C.I believe not D.I dont think so

解析：A。首先根據(jù)句意，說(shuō)話人同意周末去野炊，B、C、D三項(xiàng)表示不同意。cant/couldnt agree more 意為“非常贊成、完全同意”。

3）“can(not)help it” 意為“（不）能防止或避免某事發(fā)生”；“cannot help doing”意為“忍不住做……”；而“cannot help to do”意為“不能幫忙做……”。

[經(jīng)典考題]

①If I can help,I dont like working late into the night.(2006全國(guó)卷)

A.soB.thatC.itD.them

②While shopping, people sometimes cant helpinto buying something they dont really need.(1996上海卷)

A.to persuadeB.persuadingC.being persuadedD.be persuaded

③She cant helpthe house because shes busy making a cake.(1997上海卷)

A.to cleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.being cleaned

解析：①C。此題意為“如果我能應(yīng)付得了的話，我可不喜歡熬夜”。

②C。該題意為“在購(gòu)物時(shí)，在游說(shuō)之下，顧客有時(shí)會(huì)情不自禁地買些自己并不需要的物品”，cant help意為“忍不住”，常加動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，并由整句的意思可知應(yīng)用被動(dòng)。③A。本題意為“她正在做餅子，所以不能幫忙打掃房子”。cant help此時(shí)意為“不能幫忙”，后常加不定式做賓語(yǔ)。

4）“cant help（choose) but+原形動(dòng)詞”意為“不得不，只能”。

①I cannot(help/choose) but tell her the truth.

我只得把真相告訴她。

5）“as…as one can”意為“盡可能地……”。

①I shall finish the task as early as I can.

我會(huì)盡早地把這項(xiàng)任務(wù)完成。

6）“as形容詞as形容詞（同前一個(gè)）can be ”意為“無(wú)以復(fù)加”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

①He is as wrong as wrong can be.

他大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。

②She is as green as green can be.

她是毫無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的生手。

7）“cant wait +to do”意為“迫不急待的……”。例如：

①I cant wait to get the results,every time the exam is over.

每次考試結(jié)束，我都迫不急待的想知道自己的分?jǐn)?shù)。

9）“do what(whatever,all that)one can to do…”意為“盡力做……”。

We will do what we can to help if he asks us to.

如果他讓我們幫忙的話，我們一定會(huì)盡力幫忙的。

練一練

1.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it_____ be very slow.

A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can

2.—Isnt that Anns husband over there?

—No,itbe him—Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.

A.cant B.must notC.wont D.may not

3.Yoube tired—Youve only been working for an hour.

A.must notB.wontC.cantD.may not

4.Well. He have gone far —his coats still here.

A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.cantD.wouldnt

5.My MP4 plyer isnt in my bag. Where I have put it?

A.can B.must C.shouldD.would

6.Jackyet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.

A.mustnt have arrivedB.shouldnt arrived

C.cant have arrivedD.need not have arrived

7.Black holes not be seen directly,so determining the number of them is a tough task.

A.canB.shouldC.mustD.need

8.You know he is not going to let us leave early if we get the work done.

A.cant B.may notC.shouldnt D.mustnt

9.Some aspects of a pilots jobbe boring, and pilots oftenwork at inconvenient hours.

A.can;have toB.may;canC.have to;mayD.ought to ;must

10.He has prepared for the exam for a long time. How he fail？

A.shouldB.mayC.mustD.can

11.—I have been studying all day. I go out for a walk?

—No,Im afraid not .

A.MaynotB. CantC.WouldntD. Wont

12.When I am in trouble,he cant helpme a hand sometimes.

A.giveB.to giveC.givingD.being given

參考答案：1-5 DACCA6-10 CAAAD11-12 BC