英語強調句考點講與練

喬　木

強調句是近年高考中對基礎知識考查的一個熱點，很多考生對強調句的概念及其用法比較模糊。為幫助同學們搞好考前復習，系統掌握強調句，現將有關知識總結如下：

強調句，又叫做強調結構，是指為了強調句子的某個成分，而改變句子的語序，使句子被分成兩個部分，每個部分都有自己的動詞。常見的強調句有兩種，第一種即通常所說的“強調句型”,第二種又被稱為“準強調句”。

一、關于強調句

1、強調句的構成

It is/was + 被強調的成分 + that + 其它成分

2、關于“被強調成分”

“被強調的成分”最常見的是句子的主語、賓語、狀語，特殊情況下也可能是賓語補足語、表語等成分。如：

正常語序的陳述句：My father met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.

改變語序后的強調句：上面這個句子可以有四種變化：

→ It was my father that/who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.（強調主語）

→ It was an old friend of his (that/whom) my father met with in the street yesterday.（強調賓語）

→ It was in the street that my father met with an old friend of his yesterday.（強調地點狀語）

→ It was yesterday that my father met with an old friend of his in the street.（強調時間狀語）

3、強調句中that的用法

⑴“被強調的成分”不論是時間狀語還是地點狀語，強調句仍然只能用that，而不能用when, where。如：

It was in Berlin that I first saw this film.

It was then that I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.

⑵ “被強調的成分”如果是表示人的名詞作主語或賓語時，在口語中常用who或whom 代替that。如：It was my father who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.

4、強調句中的主謂一致

“被強調的成分”如果是人稱代詞作主語時，通常用主格代詞，但在口語中也常常使用賓格形式，但要注意人稱和數的一致。試比較：

I suppose it is I who am responsible.

I suppose it is me who is responsible.

5、強調句的常見句式變化

⑴ 強調句型的疑問結構：一般疑問句一律用Is/Was it that …? 特殊疑問句則必須使用“特殊疑問詞 + is/was it that …?”例如：

Was it her that you were talking about?

Was it last year that you got the scholarship?

Where was it that you saw the man?

Who was it that you want to see?

How is it that your answer differs from his?

What is it that you want me to say?

⑵“被強調的成分”如果是狀語，且主句又為否定句時，通常發生“否定的轉移”。如：

①I did not see my mother again until last year.

→ It was not until last year that I saw my mother again.

②He did not feel happy until he saw her.

→ It was not until he saw her that he felt happy.

③I did not have an opportunity of seeing them again for several years.

→ It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing them again.

④I did not do it for myself.

→ It was not for myself that I did it.

6、強調句和限制性定語從句的區別

⑴ 強調句有一條所謂的“黃金法則”，即：在強調句型中，任何情況下使用It和 that都不會錯。但是需要注意的是，使用了it和that的句子并不一定都是強調句。

⑵ 強調句中的that是個虛詞，在句中不充當任何成分，也沒有實在意義，只是起著標志性的結構作用，當“被強調的成分”是時間狀語、地點狀語、直接賓語或間接賓語時，有時可以省略。

定語從句中的that是關系代詞或關系副詞，作用有三：一是引導定語從句，二是指代先行詞，表示人或物，三是代替先行詞在從句中充當主語、賓語或狀語等成分。充當賓語時常常可以省略。

⑶ 強調句的謂語動詞一般只能是現在時或過去時的單數形式is和was，偶爾根據需要可采取復雜的形式。如：

It must have been his father that you saw just now.

It might be his father that youre thinking of.

但定語從句的謂語動詞則有時態、語態、語氣等各種形式的變化。

⑷ 強調句的“判別方法”——強調句如果去掉了It is/was … that …還可以還原為一個正常語序的陳述句，而且保持句子的結構完整，意義不變。而定語從句去掉關系代詞或關系副詞后，則通常需要還原成為兩個簡單句。試比較：

It is the tool that is most needed.（強調句）

→The tool is most needed.

This is the tool that is most needed.（定語從句）

→This is the tool. The tool is most needed.

二、關于準強調句

1、準強調句的構成：

What 引導的主語從句 + is/was + 被強調的成分

正常語序的陳述句：I need a good holiday.

改變語序后的準強調句：上面這個句子可以有兩種說法：

①What I need is a good holiday.（作主語）

②A good holiday is what I need. （作表語）

2、準強調句中的“被強調成分”：

⑴ 準強調句通常只能強調主語或賓語，而不能強調其它成分。如：

My left leg hurts. → What hurts is my left leg.（強調主語）

I like her style.→ What I like is her style.（強調賓語）

⑵ Who/Whom不能用于準強調句，來強調表示人的主語或賓語。如：

My uncle telephoned. (√)

Who telephoned was my uncle. (×)

3、準強調句的三種基本句式：

⑴ 強調某人進行的動作時，可用“What+主語+動詞did + is/was+(to) do sth.”句型。如：

①I wrote to George immediately.

→What I did was to write to George immediately.

②You have to choose one company to invest in.

→What you have to do is to choose one company to invest in.

③He got his wife followed by a private detective.

→What he did was get his wife followed by a private detective.

【注意】可以用all (that)代替what，強調只做了一件事而沒有做其它的事。如：

Al l (that) he did was shake hands and wish me good luck.

Al l (that) she ever does is make jam.

⑵ 強調談論的事物或主題時，what-從句既可放在系動詞be之前，也可置于其后。如：

What impressed me most was its originality.

Its originality was what impressed me most.

⑶ 強調某人想要、需要或喜歡的東西時，通常用“What+主語+動詞want/need,etc.+ is/was + sth.”句型。可以用于這個句型的動詞，常見的有：want, need, hate, love, adore, like, dislike, enjoy, prefer等。如：

①We need a big garden.

→What we need is a big garden.

②We prefer not words but deeds.

→What we prefer is not words but deeds.

【注意】① 可以用all (that)代替what，強調某人只想要或只需要某物。如：

All (that) I want is a holiday.

All (that) a prisoner needed was a pass.

② 如果不強調動作的發出者，可以在what 或all that后面用動詞的被動形式。如：

What was needed was a good organization.

All that was needed was a good organization.

三、歷年高考真題

請選擇最佳答案：

1. Was it during the Second World War__________he died? (MET1988)

A. that B. while C. in which D. then

2. All__________is needed is a supply of oil. (MET1989)

A. the thing B. that C. what D. which

3. It was not__________she took off her glasses__________I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then (NMET92)

4. It was not until 1920__________regular radio broadcasts began. (NMET1995)

A. while B. which C. that D. since

5. It was about 600 years ago__________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

A. that B. until C. before D. when (NMET1997)

6. Was__________that I saw last night at the concert? (1997上海)

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself

7. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A. until B. that C. then D. so (NMET1998)

8.__________was in 1979__________I graduated from the university. (1998上海)

A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when

9. I feel it is your husband who__________for the spoiled child. (2002上海)

A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame

10. Wasnt it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? (1996上海)

A. I didnt know he was. B. Yes, it was.

C. No, he wasnt. D. Yes, he did.

11. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (2006 全國)

A. when B. that C. whereD. before

12. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature ___ he chose the course.

A. that B. what C. why D. how (2006 上海)

13. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.

A. what B. why C. whom D. which （2008 湖南）

14. It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008 全國二)

A. how B. that C. which D. when

15. It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site. (2008 重慶)

A. asB. whenC. whileD. that

【參考答案】1—5：ABBCA6—10：ABBAB11—15：BAABD