1.A Dog in the Manger占著茅坑不拉屎的人
出自《伊索寓言》(Aesop’s Fables),說的是一條狗躺在堆滿稻草的馬槽里。狗是不吃草的動物,而當(dāng)馬或牛一走近稻草時,這條狗卻朝著馬或??穹?,不準(zhǔn)食草動物享用。
因此,“狗占馬槽”就成了一個家喻戶曉的成語而進(jìn)入英語中,常用來比喻a person who prevents others from enjoying sth. that is useless to himself; a churlish fellow who will neither use a thing himself nor let others use it,諷刺那些占據(jù)某職位或某物品卻不做事的人。
a dog in the manger是個名詞性短語,常與系動詞連用,充當(dāng)表語(主語補(bǔ)足語)。
例:He borrowed a lot of books from the library, but he didn’t read a book. He was really a dog in the manger.
There are some officials who are only the dogs in the manger.
Smith was a dog in the manger over that roll of wire; it was no use whatever to him, but he wouldn’t let us have it.
2.Bell the Cat自告奮勇去冒險;老虎頭上拍蒼蠅
bell the cat系成語to hang the bell about the cat’s neck的簡略,原意是“給貓的脖子上掛鈴”。它來自《伊索寓言》中的《老鼠會議》(“The Mice in Council”)。
這篇寓言講的是:一群老鼠在鼠洞里舉行會議,討論如何對付兇狠的貓。白胡須老鼠提出:“我有個方法,在貓的脖子上掛一個鈴。這樣,貓一走動鈴就響,我們就可以聞鈴聲而逃避了。”群鼠一致同意這個建議,歡呼:“That’s a capital idea.We will bell the cat!No more fear of the cat!”但是,誰去給貓掛鈴鐺呢?沒有一只老鼠敢去,一個個都溜掉了。老鼠會議毫無結(jié)果,它們不安全的處境當(dāng)然也無法改善。
寓言所寄托的意思很明白:遇到困難問題的時候,既需要有出謀劃策的智者,更需要有挺身而出的實干家。
bell the cat常用來比喻to do sth. dangerous in order to save others; to step forward bravely to face the danger; to take a risk for the good of others.
例:Everybody made suggestion,but no one actually offered to bell the cat.
We didn’t know who would put him this delicate question when my friend offered to bell the cat.
3.Cry Wolf虛發(fā)警報;謊報險情;危言聳聽
cry wolf來自《伊索寓言》中的《牧童和狼》 (“The Shepherdboy and the wolf”)。
有個牧童在離村子不遠(yuǎn)的山坡上放羊。有一次,他為了開心作樂,突然大喊:“Help!Help!The wolf!”全村的人都聞聲跑來援助他,可跑到山坡上一看才知道他在開玩笑。如此惡作劇重復(fù)了兩三次。后來,狼真的來了,那個牧童再呼號求救時,誰也不理會他了。于是,狼把他的羊吃了。
這篇寓言的意義很清楚:愛說謊話的人,即使在他說真話時,也沒人相信他?!?br>