高二Ｕｎｉｔｓ １３—１４重點單詞短語及句型解析

一、重點單詞

1. benefit

【考綱釋義】 n. 利益；益處vt. 使收益；得益

【備考實例】

A large sum of money has been raised for the _______ of the poorly-educated children in the mountainous districts.

A. profitB. favour

C. benefitD. advantage

【考點解析】句意“為了山區那些受教育的孩子們的利益，人們募集了一大筆錢。”考查搭配for the benefit of“為了……的利益”，答案為C。

【知識拓展】by the benefit of 由于……的恩惠to one’s benefit對某人有利for the benefit of sb. 為了某人的利益 be of benefit to對……有益benefit from / by從……中獲益

2. range

【考綱釋義】 n. 范圍；幅度；射程 vi. （在一定范圍內）變化；分布；涉及

【備考實例】

— Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?

— No， it’s out of _______.

A. reachB. control

C. distanceD. range

【考點解析】句意“‘你能射中樹頂的那只鳥嗎？’‘不能，它超出了射程。’”out of range意為“超出射程；超出范圍”，out of reach意為“夠不著”out of control意為“失去控制”。答案為D。

【知識拓展】 be in / within range在射程之內；在……范圍內be out of / beyond range 超出射程；不在范圍之內 range from… to… 在……之間變化range between… and… 在……和……之間變化

3. absorb

【考綱釋義】 vt. 吸收；理解；使全神貫注

【備考實例】 She was so _______ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.

A. attracted B. drawn

C. concentratedD. absorbed

【考點解析】句意“她全神貫注于自己的工作，沒有聽到有人敲門。”考查搭配be absorbed in“專心于……；全神貫注于……”，答案為D。

【知識拓展】 absorbed adj. 精力集中的 absorbingadj. 吸引人的absorb sb. 吸引某人；使某人全神貫注be absorbed in 專心于……；全神貫注于……

4. sentitive

【考綱釋義】 adj. 敏感的；靈敏的

【備考實例】

The elderly need special care in winter， as they are _______ to the sudden changes of weather.

A. positiveB. particularC. sensitiveD. negative

【考點解析】 句意“在冬天老人需要特別的照顧，因為他們對天氣的突然變化非常敏感。”答案為C，be sensitive to表示“對……敏感”。

【知識拓展】 be sensitive to 對……敏感；易生氣 / 反應過激be sensitive about介意……；在乎……

5. mass

【考綱釋義】 n. 質量；團；塊；大量

【備考實例】

The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ______ pictures of them.

A. many ofB. masses of

C. the number ofD. a large amount of

【考點解析】句意“這些年輕的舞者身穿美麗的衣服看上去是如此迷人以至我們拍了不少照片。”答案為B。masses of意為“大量的；許多”，既可修飾可數復數名詞，也可修飾不可數名詞。

【知識拓展】a mass of / masses of大量的； 大批的 in a mass 大量地； 大批地 the mass of大部分；大多數

6. forbid

【考綱釋義】vt. 禁止；不許

【備考實例】

The students are forbidden， unless they have special passes， ______ after 12 p.m..

A. staying outB. of staying out

C. to stay outD. from staying out

【考點解析】句意“除非有特別通行證，學生們晚上12點以后被禁止外出。”考查搭配forbid sb to do sth的被動形式，答案為C。

【知識拓展】forbid sth. / doing 禁止，妨礙（做某事）forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid sb. from doing禁止某人做……be forbidden by被……禁止

7. demand

【考綱釋義】n. 需要；要求vt. 要求

【備考實例】

They ______ that the books be returned to the school library straightway.

A. wishedB. expected

C. demandedD. imagined

【考點解析】句意“他們要求書本應該立即被歸還到圖書館。”demand后接賓語從句，賓語從句中的謂語動詞用（should）＋動詞原形，故答案為C。

【知識拓展】 in demand需求satisfy / meet one’s demand 滿足某人的要求 demand to do… 要求去做……demand sth. of / from sb.要求某人（做）某事…… demand that “要求……”，后接賓語從句時用虛擬語氣should＋動詞原形，should也可以省略。

8. regardless

【考綱釋義】 adv. 不管；不顧；無論如何

【備考實例】 All living organisms， _____ their unique identity， have certain biological， chemical， and physical characteristics in common.

A. as a resultB. for he sake of

C. in terms ofD. regardless of

【考點解析】句意“所有生物，盡管性質各異，都有共同的生物、化學和物理特征。”regardless of意為“不管；不顧”，as a result“結果”，for the sake of“為了……起見”，in terms of“就……而言”，答案為D。

二、重點短語

1. 1. all the way 自始至終；一直；一路上；從遠道而來

He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.他一路沖往車站，結果還是錯過了火車。

Don’t tell me how it ends — I haven’t read all the way through yet. 先別告訴我書的結尾——我還沒看完呢。

【知識拓展】on one’s way to在去……的路上on the way在路上 by the way順便說一下by way of經由， 通過……的方法in no way決不 in the way擋路；阻礙2. take advantage of 利用；欺騙；占……的便宜

I should like to take advantage of this opportunity to express my thanks for your help. 我很想利用這次機會對你的幫助表示感謝。

He never helps me without trying to take advantage of me. 他每次幫我都想占我便宜。

【知識拓展】 make good / full / the best use of充分利用at an advantage有利地 to one’s advantage (= to the advantage of sb. )對某人有利 win an advantage(over)取得對……的優勢turn out to one’s advantage 變得對某人有利

3. contribute to捐獻；有助于；促成；為……寫稿

Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.誠實加苦干有助于成功和幸福。

Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸煙會導致肺癌嗎?

She has been contributing to the paper for 5 years. 五年以來，她一直在為那家報紙撰搞。

4. come up with趕上；想出，（主意、計劃、回答等）

We came up with a group of tourists.我們趕上了一群旅游者。

He could not come up with a proper answer.他想不出一個合適的回答。

5. call in召集；打電話

Police have been called in to help find the missing child.已經請了警察幫著尋找這個失蹤的小孩。

I’ll try another call in half an hour. 過半小時我再打個電話試試。

【知識拓展】 call at 訪問某地call back 回電話，回憶，召回 call for 需要；要求，呼吁；接（某人） call out 大聲說出；下令出動 call up 給某人打電話；征召…入伍 call off 叫……走開；取消，撤銷 call on / upon 短暫訪問（某人）call on / upon sb. to do sth. = ask sb. to do 號召某人做某事

6. set an example to / set sb. an example 為……樹立榜樣

King fought for political rights for black people in the USA. By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.金為美國黑人的政治權利而斗爭，從而為世界其他地區樹立了榜樣。

Don’t do that; you’ll set a bad example to the children.別那樣做。你會給孩子樹立一個壞榜樣的。

【知識拓展】 for example 例如follow sb’s example 仿效他人的做法 make an example of sb. 懲一儆百take… for example以……為例

7. work out 詳細擬定；周密地想出；制定出

I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.我相信你自己能做出這道題的。

He worked out all the details of the plan.他詳細地擬定了那項計劃。

【知識拓展】 work at 從事……；研習 work on 繼續工作；從事……

work over 徹底查……work away 繼續用功

8. make sense有意義；有道理；講得通

Does it make sense to let children play with matches?讓小孩玩火柴有意義嗎？

It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 這些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非買那件貴的不可。

三、重點句型解析

1. even though引導讓步狀語從句

【課文原句】 Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties， the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.

【經典考例】 There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely _______ she was an only child.（NMET2005 遼寧）

A．ever sinceB．now that

C．even thoughD．even as

【考點解析】Even though (= even if)意為“即使”，引導讓步狀語從句。選C。由句意可知，應選一個表讓步的連詞來引導，A，B和D項不符合題意。

2. 狀語從句中的省略

【課文原句】 Water is a liquid at room temperature， but it turns into a solid when the temperature drops below 0°C and into a gas when heated above 100°C.

【經典考例】 _______ with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean does not seem big at all .（NMET 2004 湖北）

A. Compare B．When comparing

C．ComparingD．When compared

【考點解析】當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，且謂語動詞是由“be動詞＋分詞”構成時，從句的主語和be動詞常常可以省略，而只保留過去分詞。答案為D。根據句意可知compared前省去了the biggest ocean is。

3. 過去分詞短語作定語

【課文原句】 This mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique environment filled with life of all kinds — a zone between the land and the sea.

【經典考例】 The trees _______in the storm have been moved off the road. (2008 湖南)

A. being blown downB. blown down

C. blowing downD. to blow down

【考點解析】當分詞作定語時，如果它與所修飾的詞之間是主動關系時，用現在分詞形式做定語；如果它與所修飾的詞之間是被動關系時，用過去分詞形式作定語。正確答案為B。過去分詞短語blown down in the storm在句子中作定語，放在被修飾的名詞the trees后面， 表示被動。

4. “介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句

【課文原句】 He led many non-violent demonstrations against racial discrimination and the Vietnam War， during which he himself was often beaten or arrested by the police.

【經典考例】 We saw several natives advancingtowards our party， and one of them came up to us， _______we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南)

A. to which B. to whom

C. with whomD. with which

【考點解析】答案為B。關系代詞which， whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，可以將介詞提前，放在關系代詞之前。介詞的選擇可以根據與后面動詞的搭配關系來選擇，如：Alec asked the policeman with whom he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.（work with somebody）。也可根據與前面的名詞搭配關系來選擇。如：The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （in the play）

5. There was a time when句型

【課文原句】 There was a time when women had no right to vote， could not go to university or choose their jobs.

【經典考例】 There was _______ time _______ I hated to go to school.(2004 湖北)

A. a; thatB. a; when

C. the; thatD. the; when

【考點解析】答案為B。time作“時期”講，是可數名詞，time后接的是一個定語從句，因time在從句中作狀語，表時間，故用關系副詞when來引導。

6. that和what引導的名詞性從句

【課文原句】 What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect， share the right to work， good housing conditions and education， …

【經典考例】 _______ made the school proud was _______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003 上海）

A. What; becauseB. What; thatC. That; what D. That; because 【考點解析】答案為B。題意“使該學校感到自豪的是90%的學生被重點大學錄取了。”what引導主語從句，表示“……的事情”；that引導名詞性從句，只起連接作用，無詞義也不充當句子成分，題中was后面的從句從結構和意義上來看已經完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that來引導。