高二Ｕｎｉｔｓ １１—１２重點單詞短語及句型解析

一、重點單詞

1. grasp

【考綱釋義】 vt. n. 抓住， 抓緊， 掌握， 領(lǐng)會

【備考實例】 The student couldn’t _____ what the teacher was trying to explain.

A. recognizeB. grasp

C. study D. achieve

【考點解析】 句意“這個學(xué)生不能領(lǐng)會老師正在盡力解釋的東西。” recognize辨認(rèn)出；grasp抓住，領(lǐng)會；study研究；achieve達(dá)到，取得。答案為B。

【知識拓展】 beyond one’s grasp力量達(dá)不到 within one’s grasp 力量達(dá)得到have a good grasp of深刻了解in the grasp of 在……掌握中 keep a firm grasp on抓緊grasp sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊

2. arrange

【考綱釋義】 vt. 安排；籌劃；整理；布置

【備考實例】

— I hear that you will be on travel again.

— Yeah. My boss _______ for me to discuss business details with someone from another country.

A. askedB. arranged

C. sentD. called

【考點解析】句意“‘我聽說你又要出差了。’‘是的。老板安排我去和某個外國人討論生意細(xì)節(jié)。’”考查搭配arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人去做某事。答案為B。

【知識拓展】 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人去做某事arrange sth. for 為……安排 arrange that sb. (should) do安排某人做

3. rely

【考綱釋義】 vi. 依靠；信賴；指望

【備考實例】 I don’t think Jack is a man to be _______ when we are in trouble.

A. based onB. taken on

C. applied toD. relied on

【考點解析】 句意“我認(rèn)為杰克不是一個當(dāng)我們有困難時可以去依靠的人。”rely on意為“依靠；信賴”，base on“根據(jù)，以……為基礎(chǔ)”，take on“從事；呈現(xiàn)”，apply to“運用；適用于”。答案為D。

【知識拓展】 rely on依靠；信賴；指望 rely on sb to do sth指望某人做某事rely on it that 相信；指望

4. aim

【考綱釋義】 vt. vi. 瞄準(zhǔn)；對準(zhǔn)；旨在

【備考實例】 Think nothing of it. His remarks ________ me rather than you.

A. were aiming atB. were aimed at

C. aimed atD. had aimed at

【考點解析】句意“別去想它了。他的話針對的是我而不是你。”be aimed at 意為“針對；意指……”。答案為B。

【知識拓展】aim at 對準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn)；以……為目標(biāo) be aimed at針對；意指……aim to do 打算做；目的是

5. failure

【考綱釋義】 n. 失敗；失敗的人或事

【備考實例】

As a writer， he was _______ failure. But he was _______ success in business.

A. a; aB. the; the

C. the; aD. a; the

【考點解析】句意“作為一位作家，他是一個失敗的人。但在生意上他是一位成功人士。”failure表示“失敗”時是抽象名詞，不可數(shù)，但在表示“失敗的人或事”時是可數(shù)名詞，其前可用a修飾，表示“一個失敗的人或一件失敗的事情”。Success具有相同的用法。故答案為A。

6. likely

【考綱釋義】adj. 有可能的

【備考實例】

—Have you made up your mind to pay a visit to that famous zoo this week?

—No， it is _______ that I’ll not visit it this week. It depends on the weather.

A. certain B. likely

C. sureD. impossible

【考點解析】答案為B。由No和It depends on the weather之間的邏輯性可以推出答話者既不是本周肯定去那個著名動物園，也不是不可能去，而是有可能不去，因此該空應(yīng)填likely。

7. hesitate

【考綱釋義】vi. 躊躇；猶豫

【備考實例】 Please do not _______ to contact me if you have any question. I’m always ready to help you.

A. failB. disturb

C. hesitateD. appreciate

【考點解析】句意“如果你有什么問題，請聯(lián)系我不要猶豫。我總是樂意幫助你的。”hesitate to do sth. 意為“遲疑于做某事”。答案為C。

【知識拓展】 hesitation n. 猶豫；遲疑 hesitate about / over… 對……猶豫不決；對……拿不定主意 hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事；遲疑于做某事 without hesitation毫不猶豫have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不猶豫地做某事

8. achieve

【考綱釋義】vt. 完成；達(dá)到；實現(xiàn)；獲得

【備考實例】 Lucy has _______ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.

A. acquiredB. finished

C. concludedD. achieved

【考點解析】句意“露茜已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了她在高中為自己制定的目標(biāo)，現(xiàn)在正準(zhǔn)備迎接大學(xué)里的新挑戰(zhàn)。”achieve one’s goal意為“實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”，答案為D。

二、重點短語

1. set foot in / on進入；踏上

He was filled with complex feelings when he set foot in his hometown after 30 years. 30年后，當(dāng)他重返故鄉(xiāng)時，他百感交集。

On setting foot on Chinese soil， he got excited.他一踏上中國的土地，就變得激動起來。

2. have an effect on 對……有影響； 對……產(chǎn)生作用

Their opinions won’t have an effect on my decision. 他們的意見不會影響我的決定。

I think the medicine will have a side effect on you.我認(rèn)為這種藥會對你的身體產(chǎn)生副作用。

【知識拓展】come into effect開始生效 of no effect無效

3. in store 準(zhǔn)備著，備將來之用；就要到來的，必將發(fā)生的

Squirrel has enough nuts in store for his winter hibernation. 松鼠為它的冬眠準(zhǔn)備了充足的堅果。

Who knows what the future has in store for us？誰知道我們將來注定會如何？

4. rely on依靠，依賴

Blind people rely a lot on touch. 盲人在很大程度上依靠觸覺。

We must rely on our own efforts.我們必須依靠自己的努力。

You may not rely on the weather report.天氣預(yù)報不足為憑。

【辨析】

5. put forward提出；推薦

He put forward a new theory.他提出了一種新理論。

Plans have been put forward to pull down and rebuild the area.已提出計劃，要把這個地區(qū)的房屋推掉重建。

【知識拓展】 put away 放好，收拾好 put off 推遲 put on 上演 put up 張貼

6. turn out原來（情況）是；結(jié)果是

They were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.他們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)那位女神原來是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。

It looked like rain this morning， but it has turned out to be a fine day.今天早上看起來要下雨，結(jié)果是個晴天。

7. set out 動身；出發(fā)；陳述

They set out on the hike with plenty of water.他們帶足了水動身作徒步旅行。

We set out along the beach. 我們出發(fā)沿著海灘走。

The boy set out his ideas in simple English.這男孩用簡單的英語陳述他的觀點。

【知識拓展】set out to do sth. 著手做某事set about 著手做；開始做 set off 出發(fā)；動身set up 建造；豎起；創(chuàng)辦set back 倒退；受挫折set down 放下；記下 set aside擱置；把……置于一旁；忽視

8. throw light on / upon闡明某事；使某事顯得非常清晰

Illustrations throw light on the text. 插圖有助于理解正文。

The president promised to throw light on his new fiscal policies. 總統(tǒng)答應(yīng)對他的新財務(wù)政策作說明。

【知識拓展】 throw away 扔掉throw about亂丟；亂扔throw up 嘔吐 throw oneself into sth.熱心做某事；積極投身于throw cold water on 潑冷水；打擊……熱情

三、重點句型解析

1. get ＋ 過去分詞

【課文原句】 The center itself got started in the early 1980s， when Chen Chunxian， a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Science， opened a private research and development institute.

【經(jīng)典考例】 Sarah， hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________ before the party.(NMET 2004)

A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change【考點解析】答案為A。get后接過去分詞，表示被動，get changed意為“換衣服”。句意“薩拉，快點吧！恐怕在宴會前你沒有時間換衣服了。”

2. where引導(dǎo)的定語從句

【課文原句】 I want to return home but I couldn’t find a company where I could use what I had learned.

【經(jīng)典考例】 All the neighbors admire this family ________ the parents are treating their children like a friend. （NMET2008 安徽）

A. whyB. where

C. whichD. that

【考點解析】 答案為B。where用作關(guān)系副詞，相當(dāng)于in which， 即in this family， 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。

【經(jīng)典考例】 Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea________the party is to be held? （NMET 2008陜西）

A. what B. which

C. that D. where

【考點解析】 答案為D。where引導(dǎo)一個與抽象名詞idea同位的同位語從句，闡述idea的具體內(nèi)容就是where the party is to be held（確定聚會的地方），由于二者無修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，故不能當(dāng)作定語從句。

3. as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句

【課文原句】As Yufang puts it: “we are not making that much money yet， but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguancun.”

【經(jīng)典考例】 ________ I explained on the phone， your request will be considered at the next meeting. （NMET 2005浙江）

A. WhenB. After

C. AsD. Since

【考點解析】答案為C。本編輯部認(rèn)為，As代替整個主句，所以主句是什么意思它就是什么意思。如果認(rèn)為as意為“正如”，那么它所引出的句子是狀語從句。這兩種解釋中都講得通。這個句子應(yīng)該這樣譯：我在電話中解釋過了，對你的要求將在下次會議予以考慮。至于課文中 As Yufang put it，那肯定是狀語從句，As 意為“正如”，因為put 已經(jīng)有it當(dāng)賓語，As 不可能再當(dāng)賓語。也不可能是關(guān)系代詞而是連詞了。

4. be believed to do sth.

【課文原句】…， ships are disappearing all over the world and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster.

【經(jīng)典考例】The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.（2004 上海）

A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused

【考點解析】答案為C。句意“人們認(rèn)為這種流感是由病毒引起的，這些病毒喜歡在人的鼻子和喉嚨里繁殖。”考查結(jié)構(gòu)be believed to do sth.“據(jù)認(rèn)為；人們認(rèn)為”，句中的flu與cause之間是被動關(guān)系，故用to be caused。

5. 分詞作狀語

【課文原句】 Dressed in diving suits， Captain Nemo and his guests walk around this magic world， lighted by the lamps of the ship. 【經(jīng)典考例】1. _______ by a greater demand of vegetables， farmers have built more green houses. （2007浙江）

A. Driven B. Being driven

C. To drive D. Having driven

2. _______ with the size of the whole earth， the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

(2004湖北 )

A. Compare B. When compareing

C. ComparingD. When compared

【考點解析】過去分詞作狀語時，作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。過去分詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)該和句子的主語是同一個人或物。過去分詞可以在句子中作時間、條件、原因、讓步、及伴隨狀語。例1答案為A。句子主語farmers與過去分詞driven在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，driven作狀語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句Because farmers are driven by a greater demand of vegetables。例2答案為D。句子的主語the biggest ocean與compare with…為被動關(guān)系。相當(dāng)于when the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth，其中when 有 “如果”之意，相當(dāng)于if，表條件。

6. could have done

【課文原句】 No human being could have passed a happier childhood than myself.

【經(jīng)典考例】 Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we_______it without you. (NMET2008 山東)

A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed

【考點解析】答案為B。句意“感謝你上周的辛勤工作。我想，要不是你辛勤的勞動，這事我們本來不可能做成。”couldn’t have done sth.表示（過去）不可能做了某事。句中的without you表達(dá)的是與過去相反的假設(shè)，所以選B項。