用簡縮從句法簡縮定語從句

〔關(guān)鍵詞〕 簡縮；定語從句；分詞；動詞不定式；形容詞短語；介詞短語

〔中圖分類號〕 G633.41〔文獻標識碼〕 Ｃ

〔文章編號〕 1004—0463（2008）04（Ａ）—0056—０1

一、用分詞簡縮定語從句

從句的謂語動詞如果表示“進行、一般或過去”狀態(tài)，可簡縮為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。如果從句的謂語動詞是被動結(jié)構(gòu)或先行詞是從句動作的承受者，則用過去分詞短語簡縮。如：

1. Who is that man that is talking with our headmaster？

→Who is that man talking with our headmaster？

2. The woman who works in the company is an engineer.

→The woman working in the company is an engineer.

3. A man who wore a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

→A man wearing a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

4. He told me the people that were taking photos there were foreigners.

→He told me the people taking photos there were foreigners.

5. I bought a novel that was written by the young writer.

→I bought a novel written by the young writer.

6. The dinner which your mother cooked yesterday tasted good.

→The dinner cooked by your mother yesterday tasted good.（先行詞dinner是從句謂語動詞cooked的承受者，故減縮為cooked）

二、用動詞不定式簡縮定語從句

定語從句里的謂語動詞如果表示一個發(fā)生過的一次行為或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作，或具有情態(tài)意義，則從句往往可簡縮為不定式短語。如：

1. He is the first man who flew over the Pacific.

→He is the first man to fly over the Pacific.

2. The next bus which John will take is from Chicago.

→The next bus for john to take is from Chicago.

3. There’s something wrong with the computer by which he wants to type his article.

→There’s something wrong with the computer for him to type his article by.

4. It’s the time that they should plant some trees.

→It’s the time for them to plant some trees.

5. The best dictionary that the students can use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.

→The best dictionary for the students to use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.

三、用形容詞短語簡縮定語從句

如果定語從句的謂語為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，并且表語是形容詞短語，那么，整個定語從句通常可簡縮為形容詞短語。如：

1. Our headmaster is a person who is always full of cofidence.

→Our headmaster is a person always full of confidence.

2. Soldiers must be the persons that are not afraid of death.

→Soldiers must be the persons not afraid of death.

3. He’s not a man who is aware of his shortcomings.

→He’s not a man aware of his shortcomings.

4. We need some people who are skillful enough to do the jobs.

→We need some people skillful enough to do the jobs.

5. The girls，who were afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.

→The girls，afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.

四、用介詞短語簡縮定語從句

如果定語從句的謂語為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，并且表語是介詞短語或近似介詞短語，那么定語從句往往可以簡縮為介詞短語。如：

1. The boy who is at the gate of the park is an orphan.

→The boy at the gate of the park is an orphan.

2. The building which stands near the hospital used to be a bank.

→The building near the hospital used to be a bank.

3. The man pointed at the boy who was in front of the house.

→The man pointed at the boy in front of the house.

4. The student that held a thick book in his hand was a friend of mine.

→The student with a thick book in his hand ws a friend of mine.

5. In our school，there are many teachers who are from foreign countries.

→In our school，there are many teachers from foreign countries.

6. I haven’t read many novels which were written by Ba Jing.

→I haven’t read many novels（written）by Ba Jing.