突破“虛擬語氣”

涂文超

虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測、建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

下面重點談談虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法，虛擬語氣條件句是用謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示與現在、過去事實相反的情況或對將來發生的情況表示假設。

具體情況如下：

1. 表示與現在事實相反的情況

例如 : If I were you, Id get there earlier. 如果我是你，我就早一點到那兒。（事實是：我不是你，因此我沒有早到那兒。）

2． 表示與過去事實相反的情況

例如: If you had worked hard, you wouldnt have failed the exam. 如果你早用功，就不至于考試不及格了。（事實是:你早沒用功,所以考試失敗了。）

3. 表示與將來事實相反的情況

例如: If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 如果明天下雨，我們的野餐就推遲。(事實是：最近天氣很好，下雨的可能性不大。)

注意：用虛擬語氣表示條件的條件從句, 可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，但所表達的意義側重點不同。主句在前時，強調 “結果”；從句在前時，強調 “條件”。

【鞏固練習】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇。

( )１. If I were you, I ______ try my best.

A. would B. shallC. hadD. will

( )2. If I ______ ten years younger, I ______ very happy.

A. am; shall be B. were; would be

C. were; shall be D. am; would be

( )3. If I ______to the moon, I would bring something unusual back to the earth.

A. go B. goes C. went D. will go

() 4. If Jane ______here now, she would explain to us how to do it.

A. be B. is C. was D. were

() 5. —You can ask your brother for help.

—He is not at home. If he ______, I ______.

A. is; would B. is; will

C. were; would D. were; will

Ⅱ. 用動詞的正確形式填空。

6. If I ______ ( be ) a teacher, I would not be so strict with my students.

7. If I ______ (have) time, I would come to help you.

8. If she were not so busy, she ______ (come) here with me.

Keys: 1~5 ABCDC6. were 7. had8. would come