透視英語中主動表被動的幾種情況

張月紅

在英語學習中，有許多地方用主動表被動，這對于大多數學生來說是一個難點，不好掌握。其實主動表被動是指形式無被動結構而含被動含義的主動形式，即句中某個名詞或代詞與某個動詞存在邏輯動賓關系或為被動關系，用主動結構表被動含義。用主動結構表示被動含義的情況有：

1. be worth＋doing值得做…… 例如：

The novel is worth reading again.

The film is worth seeing.

2. need（want / require）+ doing等于need（want / require）+to be done 需要做……例如：

My watch needs reparing（＝to be repaired）.

The house wants painting（＝to be pained）.

3. 某些與cant, wont等連用的不及物動詞,如move,lock, shut, open等,常用主動結構表被動含義, 例如：

It cant move.

The door wont shut.

The window wont open.

4.某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副詞連用的不及物動詞如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut等,且主語是非生命的名詞或代詞,用主動結構表被動含義。 例如：

This kind of book sells well.

The pen writes smoothly.

The cloth washes well.

The poem reads smoothly.

The table doesnt clean easily.

This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind.

That door shuts well.

5. 主語＋be＋adj.＋to do的結構中，動詞不定式常用主動結構表被動含義,這些表語形容詞有hard， difficult， easy， fit， necessary ，dangerous ， comfortable， heavy等.例：

The problem is hard to solve.

The chair is comfortable to sit on.

I find the water in the well fit to drink.

6. 有些系動詞,如: taste, sound , prove，feel， look，smell，remain , appear等,常用主動結構表示被動含義.例如：

The flower looks ugly.

What you said sounds reasonable.

The dish smells delicious.

The food tastes good.

The story proved quite false.

She remains silent.

This material feels soft.

7.有些不定式，如：to let, to blame , to rent, remain to do等常用主動結構表示被動含義。 例如：

The taxi is to rent.

Much remains to find.

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

The house is to let.

8. “主語+have / has + 名詞+ to do”結構,也用主動結構表被動含義, 此時主語與to do 存在邏輯上的主謂關系, to do 與賓語存在邏輯上的動賓關系。例如：

He has many problems to solve.

White has lots of things to do.

I have a room to live in.

9.介詞 on, under等+名詞構成介詞短語表示被動意義。例如：

① under＋n.結構，表示某事在進行中。 如：under control, under repair, under discussion等。例如：

The fire was under control at last.

②on +名詞結構,表示在從事……中。如：on sale,on show等.例如：

Many new types of cars are on show in Beijing.

10.在too…to…和enough to do 結構中，不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。例如： The box is too heavy to carry.

The room is not big enough to have a meeting in.

練習一

選擇題

1. There are many good films played by Cheng Long that are worth.

A. to be seen B. being seen

C. seeingD. to see

2. The foodeasily and sells.

A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good

C. is cooked; wellD. cooked; good

3. The windows of the building wont.

A. be closedB. close

C. be closingD. closed

4. —Do you like the material?—Yes,itvery soft.

A. is feeling B. feltC. feelsD. is felt

5. There is a new problem road conditions need.

A.that ; to be improved

B.which ; to be improved

C.where ; improving

D.when ; improving

6． My money. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand.

A. has been run out B. is running out

C. has run out D. is being run out

練習二

漢譯英

1.這個理論證明是正確的.

____________________________________.

2.這間房子令人感覺很熱.

____________________________________.

3.這門鎖不上.

____________________________________.

4.他的書很暢銷.

____________________________________.

5.大樓正在建設中.

____________________________________.

答案

練習一 ：

1-6 CABCAB

練習二 ：

1. The theory proved(to be) true.

2. This room feels hot.

3. The door wont lock.

4. His book sells well.

5. The building is under construction.