不定冠詞的位置

周育杰

一般而言，冠詞與名詞連用時，總是置于名詞之前。如果名詞有形容詞修飾，冠詞常放于形容詞之前，但是有些情況比較特殊。下面試結合近年經典高考題來總結一下高中階段易錯的涉及到冠詞的位置的用法。

一.不定冠詞的位置

1.位于下列形容詞之后：such，what，many，half，not，much等。例如

How did you make such a mistake? 你怎么會犯這樣的錯誤?

What a pity!真遺憾!

What a lovely day! 多好的天氣啊!

Ive been there many a time.我到過那兒多次了。

Not a person was there.那兒沒有一個人。

如果有形容詞修飾時，應放在形容詞之前。例如：

Too much of a good thing.好事過頭反成壞事。

She is such a good teacher that all the students like and respect her.她是如此好的一個老師以至于所有的學生都喜歡和尊敬她。

2.當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as，so，too，how，however，enough等詞修飾時，不定冠詞應放于形容詞之后。例如：

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.這是我度過的最高興的一天。

so short a time 如此短的時間。

too long a distance太長的距離。

This is too difficult a problem.這是一個非常困難的問題。

I know how great a labor he had undertaken.我知道他從事的是多么艱巨的勞動。

However cold a day it is，we will go there.不管多么冷的一天，我們都將去那兒。

3.quite，rather與單數名詞連用時，冠詞放在其后，但是當rather，quite后仍有形容詞時不定冠詞放在其前后皆可。例如：quite a lot 非常多。

The earth shook quite a while.地球抖動了好大一會兒。

She is quite / rather a woman.她是一個很了不起的女人。

It was quite / rather a hot day.

It was a quite / rather hot day.當時天氣相當熱。

This is quite a useful dictionary.= This is a quite useful dictionary.這是一本相當有用的字典。

4.當帶形容詞的名詞詞組之前又有副詞hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly時，或和一個形容詞共同修飾時，冠詞要放在上述副詞之后，形容詞之前。例如：

This is hardly / scarcely a right thing to do.做這種事情根本不對。

5.如果一個名詞被比較級修飾，冠詞通常也放在后面。例如：

A science is more than a large amount of information on some subject.一門科學不只是有關某學科的大量資料。

不過不定冠詞也經常放在more，less，better等比較級前。例如：

He is a more diligent student than his cousin is.他是個比他表弟更勤奮的學生。

6.在as，though引導的讓步狀語從句中，當表語為形容詞修飾的名詞時，不定冠詞放于形容詞后。例如：

Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes.他盡管勇敢，可見到蛇還是發抖。

二.定冠詞的位置。

1.定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，three times等詞之后，名詞之前。例如：

All the students in the class went out.班里所有學生都出去了。

Both the boys have been to London.兩個男孩都去了倫敦。

The river is five times the width of that one.這條河是那條河的五倍寬。

I offered him double the amount，but he still refused.我給他雙倍的錢，但他還是不接受。

注意：both 后的定冠詞常可省去。例如：

They decided to sign both (the) papers.他們決定兩個文件都簽。

all 后是否用定冠詞由冠詞的一般規則決定。例如：All children have to go to school one day.所有孩子有一天都得上去上學。(表類指)

All the children of the boarding school were in bed.寄宿學校的全體孩子都睡了。(表特指)

2.最高級可用序數詞，much，by far，nearly，almost等詞修飾，此時定冠詞的位置依情況而定。例如：

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.太平洋是世界上最大的大洋。

I like the film the very best / much the best.我最喜歡這部電影。

【及時鞏固練習】

1.(2001全國) It is generally believed teaching is________ it is a science.

A.an art much as B.much an art as

C.as an art much as D.as much an art as

2.(2002上海春季)________ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.

A.How interesting

B.How an interesting

C.What an interesting

D.What interesting an

3.(2004上海) At a rough estimate，Nigeria is________ Great Britain.

A.three times the size as

B.the size three times of

C.three times as the size of

D.three time the size of

4.(2003上海) We were in________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.

A.a rush so anxious

B.a such anxious rush

C.so an anxious rush

D.such an anxious rush

5.(2004上海春招) I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is________ than John.

A.more efficient a worker

B.a more efficient worker

C.more an efficient worker

D.a worker more efficient

6.Qingdao is________ most beautiful city in summer.

A.the B./ C.a D.one

7.Jim is not quite ________ as his sister.

A.good as a student B.so good a student

C.as a good student D.so a good student

8.This is________ those made in Chang Chun.

A.a truck as good as B.as a truck as good

C.so good a truck as D.a good as truck as 9.(98上海題) It is________work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.

A.so unusual B.such unusual

C.such an unusualD.so an unusual

10.(92上海)________ box can not be lifted by a boy of five.

A.So a heavy B.So heavy a

C.A such heavy D.Such heavy a

及時鞏固練習答案：

1.D 2.C

3.D 4.D

5.B 6.C

7.B 8.A

9.C 10.B ★