李國勤
表示一般將來時的方法主要有以下幾種:1.will/shall+動詞原形;2.be going to+動詞原形;3.be+to+動詞原形?,F將它們的各種用法功能簡述如下:
一、表示“預測,預計”等意思。
當我們作“預測”時,用“will/shall+動詞原形”或“be going to+動詞原形”表示,不用現在進行時。例如:
1. I think itll rain this evening./I think its going to rain this evening. 我想今天晚上天要下雨。
2. You are going to hate this party./You will hate this party.
你將不喜歡這次聚會。
但是,當提及在某種條件下,一般用“will/shall+動詞原形”表示,而不用“be going to+動詞原形”表示。例如:
If you work hard, you will pass the test easily.
如果你努力學習,你會很容易地通過考試的。
不能說:If you work hard, you are going to pass the test.
在口語中,“I bet/I hope”后面的從句可以用一般現在時表示將來時間。例如:
I bet she likes the flowers.(=I bet she will like the flowers.)我敢說她會喜歡這些花的。
二、表示“已經確定”的意思。
有些句子,表示的既是將來,同時又是現在的情況。當你說“Shes going to have a baby.”時,不僅包含將來的信息(她將要生孩子了),而且也包含現在的信息(她已懷孕了)。在這種情況下,通常用“be going to+動詞原形”表示。例如:
The Greens are coming to dinner.格林夫婦要來吃晚飯。(邀請已經發出,并且對方接受了邀請。)
“be going to+動詞原形”還可表示強烈的決心。例如:
Im going to get to the top even if it kills me.
即使要了我的命,我也要爬到頂上。
三、表示“某種決定”的意思。
當我們談及“已作出一項決定”時,一般用“will+動詞原形”表示。(除了疑問句外,很少用“shall+動詞原形”,且常用縮略式“‘ll”) 例如:
——The phone is ringing. 電話響了。
——Ill answer it. 我去接吧。
如果要問我們應當如何決定,就用“shall+動詞原形”表示。例如:
What shall we do?我們該怎么辦?
四、表示“威脅,允諾”等意思。
表示“威脅”或“允諾”時,第一人稱常用“I/We+will(ll)+動詞原形”表示。但是,也可用“…+be going to+動詞原形”表示。第二人稱和第三人稱可以用“You/He/She/They+shall+動詞原形”表示。例如:
I promise I wont get drunk again./I promise Im not going to get drunk again. 我保證決不再喝醉了。
You shall be punished. 你會受到處罰的。
He shall suffer for this!他會為此而吃苦頭的。
五、表示“建議,請求”的意思。
當表示“提議為別人做某事”或“請求別人做某事”時,通常用“Shall I/We……?” 表示;表示建議時,常用“Will you…?” 表示。例如:
Shall I fetch some water for you?要我去給你打些水來嗎?
Will you help me to carry the box?請你幫我提一下盒子好嗎?
六、表示“意圖,自愿,堅持”等意思。
表示“強烈的意圖,自愿做某事”或“堅持做某事”時,第一人稱可用“will+動詞原形”表示,通常不用“shall+動詞原形”。例如:
I will write to her tomorrow. 明天我將給她寫信。
I will stop smoking—I really will!我要戒煙了—我真的要戒了!
當will表示“意圖”時,在句中一般不重讀,并且不可縮略為“‘ll”;表示“堅持做某事”時,will必須重讀,而且不可縮略為“‘ll”。例如:
Why will you go there?你為什么想去那兒?(表示意圖)
I will do as I like. 我要做我想做的事。(表示堅持)
七、表示“征求意見”的意思。
當征求聽話人的“意見”或“意圖”時,用“Shall I/We…?”表示。例如:
Shall I carry your suitcase?(=Do you want me to carry your suitcase?) 要我給你提箱子嗎?
Shall we have dinner now?(=Do you agree to our having dinner now?) 我們現在吃晚飯好嗎?
八、表示“習慣性動作,性格特征”或“自然屬性”的意思。
will可以用來表示“習慣性動作,性格特征”或“自然屬性”的意思。例如:
Pigs will eat anything. 豬是什么都吃的。
Oil will float on water.(=Oil floats on water.) 油漂在水上。
九、表示“計劃,安排,打算”的意思。
“be going to+動詞原形”結構常用來表示“計劃,安排”或“打算”的意思,“be+to+動詞原形”結構也可以表示按“計劃,安排”將要發生的動作。例如:
What are you going to do today?你今天打算干什么?
I am to see my sister at six oclock this evening.
我打算今晚6點鐘去看我妹妹。
鞏固練習:單項選擇
1. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ____.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
2. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ____ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken
3. ——Youve left the light on.
——Oh, so I have. ____ and turn it off.
A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going
4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know
C. will not be; know D. is; know
5. ——Can I join your club, Dad?
——You can when you ____ a bit older.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as
she ____.
A. will arrive B. arrives
C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
7. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
8. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____
from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
9. ——When will you come to see me, Dad?
——I will go to see you when you ____ the training course.
A. will have finished B. will finish
C. are finishing D. finish
Key(3)