句子的種類

趙　博

1.句子的類型(Types of Sentences)

英語句子按結構分為：簡單句、并列句和復合句等三種類型。

(1)簡單句(The Simple Sentence)

由一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)構成的句子叫作簡單句。例如:

I usually get up at six in the morning on weekdays.

在工作日，我一般在早上六點鐘起床。

My sister and I didnt go skating last week.

上周，我和妹妹沒有去滑冰。

Are you going to study and work in London?

你要去倫敦學習和工作嗎？

(2)并列句(The Compound Sentence)

由并列連詞(如and, but, or, so, yet)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子叫作并列句。例如:

She turned off the light and went out. 她關了燈，出去了。

Mona was ill, so we took her to the hospital.

莫娜病了，因此我們送她去了醫院。

I like Spanish, but I need help.

我喜歡西班牙語，可是我需要人來幫我。

You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year. 你能在五分鐘內畫好一匹馬，卻讓我等了你一年。

(3)復合句(The Complex Sentence)

由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子叫作復合句。例如:

Ill tell him as soon as I see him. (狀語從句)

我一看見他就告訴他。

She didnt come to the party because she was busy. (狀語從句)

她因為很忙，所以沒來參加聚會。

Hell go to see you if he has time. (狀語從句)

他如果有空，會去看你的。

I dont think you can miss it. (賓語從句)

我想你不會看不見的。

The problem is that he wont return on time. (表語從句)

問題是他不能按時回來。

What surprised us most is a strange cup with three legs. (主語從句)

最使我們感到吃驚的是一個有三只腳的杯子。

The time Yang Lei spent as a volunteer was the best year of his life. (定語從句)

楊磊作為一名志愿者那段時光是他一生當中最好的時間。

延伸 含時間狀語從句的復合句，既可以將狀語從句放在主句之后(念降調)也可以將狀語從句置于主句之前(念升調)，此時，從句和主句間加逗號。例如:

We were talking and laughing when the teacher came in.

(=When the teacher came in, we were talking and laughing.)

老師進來時，我們正在說笑。

應用 指出下列句子中的錯誤，并改正。

①Mr Li with his children have fun in the park.

②Because she was ill, so she didnt come to school.

③Come to my house if you will have time.

④The man asked how we thought of his car.

⑤Sorry, Ive no pen to write now.

⑥The car hit the tree and slow down.

解答 ①have→has 主語是Mr Li。

②去掉Because或者sobecause與so不能同時用于一個句子中。

③去掉will在條件狀語從句中，將來的動作常用一般現在時表示。

④how→what 句型“what…think of”意思是“覺得……怎樣”。

⑤write→write with 動詞不定式to write with與被修飾詞pen有邏輯上的動賓關系。