趙 博
1.句子的類型(Types of Sentences)
英語句子按結構分為:簡單句、并列句和復合句等三種類型。
(1)簡單句(The Simple Sentence)
由一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)構成的句子叫作簡單句。例如:
I usually get up at six in the morning on weekdays.
在工作日,我一般在早上六點鐘起床。
My sister and I didnt go skating last week.
上周,我和妹妹沒有去滑冰。
Are you going to study and work in London?
你要去倫敦學習和工作嗎?
(2)并列句(The Compound Sentence)
由并列連詞(如and, but, or, so, yet)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子叫作并列句。例如:
She turned off the light and went out. 她關了燈,出去了。
Mona was ill, so we took her to the hospital.
莫娜病了,因此我們送她去了醫院。
I like Spanish, but I need help.
我喜歡西班牙語,可是我需要人來幫我。
You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year. 你能在五分鐘內畫好一匹馬,卻讓我等了你一年。
(3)復合句(The Complex Sentence)
由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子叫作復合句。例如:
Ill tell him as soon as I see him. (狀語從句)
我一看見他就告訴他。
She didnt come to the party because she was busy. (狀語從句)
她因為很忙,所以沒來參加聚會。
Hell go to see you if he has time. (狀語從句)
他如果有空,會去看你的。
I dont think you can miss it. (賓語從句)
我想你不會看不見的。
The problem is that he wont return on time. (表語從句)
問題是他不能按時回來。
What surprised us most is a strange cup with three legs. (主語從句)
最使我們感到吃驚的是一個有三只腳的杯子。
The time Yang Lei spent as a volunteer was the best year of his life. (定語從句)
楊磊作為一名志愿者那段時光是他一生當中最好的時間。
延伸 含時間狀語從句的復合句,既可以將狀語從句放在主句之后(念降調)也可以將狀語從句置于主句之前(念升調),此時,從句和主句間加逗號。例如:
We were talking and laughing when the teacher came in.
(=When the teacher came in, we were talking and laughing.)
老師進來時,我們正在說笑。
應用 指出下列句子中的錯誤,并改正。
①Mr Li with his children have fun in the park.
②Because she was ill, so she didnt come to school.
③Come to my house if you will have time.
④The man asked how we thought of his car.
⑤Sorry, Ive no pen to write now.
⑥The car hit the tree and slow down.
解答 ①have→has 主語是Mr Li。
②去掉Because或者sobecause與so不能同時用于一個句子中。
③去掉will在條件狀語從句中,將來的動作常用一般現在時表示。
④how→what 句型“what…think of”意思是“覺得……怎樣”。
⑤write→write with 動詞不定式to write with與被修飾詞pen有邏輯上的動賓關系。