英語中,表示“打”這個動作的動詞有hit,beat, strike等,同學們常常容易將它們混淆。下面結合實例,辨析其異同。
◎ hit
1. 表示具體的打擊
(1) 常指速度極快地擊打、沖擊,擊中、命中某人(或某物)一次(或一下)。如:
The robber hit him heavily on the head with a baseball bat. 搶劫犯用一根棒球棍重重地打在他的頭上。
(2) 用于體育運動中時,可表示用球拍擊球等,與strike等同。如:
James hit / struck the ball as hard as he could and it hit / struck the back of the court.詹姆斯用力地擊了一下球,球落在了后場。
(3) 表示碰撞,與strike等同。如:
The ceiling is very low, so watch your head in case it hits/strikes you. 屋頂很低,小心你的頭,以免撞到。
2.表示抽象意義的打擊
(1) 表示遭受某種襲擊或重創,用法、意義相當于strike。如:
The coastal city was terribly hit / struck in an unexpected hurricane, causing hundreds of deaths.這個海濱城市在一次意外的颶風中嚴重受創,數百人死亡。
(2) 在精神方面受打擊、傷害、損失等,相當于hurt的用法和意義。如:
They were hit / hurt first by the soaring price. 他們是物價飛漲首當其沖的受害者。
(3) 在口語中,hit 還可以表示“突然想起……”, 此時其用法和意義等同于strike。如:
Suddenly it hit / struck me that it would be my mother’s 50thbirthday the day after tomorrow.我突然想起后天是我媽媽50歲生日。
◎ beat
1. 表示具體的打擊
(1) 指連續地打擊、沖擊、捶打等。如:
The wave beats the shore, washing the sands and the rocks. 海浪拍打著海岸,沖刷著沙灘和巖石。
(2) 指有節奏的敲打。如:
The rain beat against the window. 雨打在窗上。
2. 表示抽象含義
表示打敗、戰勝、勝過、超過等。如:
The strange story beat everything I had ever heard. 那個怪誕的故事是我聞所未聞的。
I was going to take the seat but another man beat me to it. 我剛要坐下,另一個人搶在我前面了。
◎ strike
1. 表示具體的含義
(1) 指給予重擊、擊中、碰撞等,意義上接近hit, 但通常指程度較重的打擊。如:
He struck the table angrily. 他憤怒地拍打桌子。
His head struck the corner of the table as he fell down. 當他倒地時,頭撞在了桌角上。
(2) 把……刺入,使……穿透。如:
He struck a knife into the bear’s heart. 他把刀刺入熊的心臟。
The winter wind struck a chill into her bones. 冬風吹得她寒冷徹骨。
(3) (光線)照到,(聲音)傳入。如:
The rising sun was striking the wings of the plane. 朝陽正照在機翼上。
The pleasant music struck our ears. 悅耳的音樂傳入我們的耳朵。
(4) 擦火柴,打火。如:
The little girl struck a match to get some warm. 小姑娘擦著了一根火柴取暖。
(5) (鐘等)敲響報時。