解讀ｓｏ…ｔｈａｔ和ｓｏ ｔｈａｔ引導的狀語從句

so…that和so that是英語中常見的兩個句式，前者表示“如此……以至……”，后者表示“為的是”、“結果是”等含義。現將它們引導狀語從句的用法歸納如下：

一、so…that引導結果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至……”，其中so是副詞，常修飾形容詞或副詞。使用時應注意以下幾點：

1. 引導結果狀語從句時，如果so前面是系動詞be， become， feel等，so后面一般跟形容詞；如果so前面是其他動詞，那么so后面跟副詞。如：

She was so happy that she danced. 她高興得跳起舞來。

He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快，以至我跟不上他。

2. 在某些情況下，so…that結構可以與too…to或enough to結構相互轉換。

⑴so…that與too…to的轉換

當that引導的從句為否定式時，若從句主語與主句主語相同，so…that結構可轉換為too…to結構；若從句主語與主句的主語不同，so…that結構要轉換為too…for sb. to結構。如：

He is so young that he can’t go to school.

→He is too young to go to school.

他太年幼了，還不能上學。

The box is so heavy that he can’t lift it.

→The box is too heavy for him to lift.

這只盒子太重了，他舉不動。

⑵so…that與enough to的轉換

①當that引導的從句為肯定式，若從句主語與主句主語相同，so…that結構可轉換為enough to結構；若從句主語與主句主語不同，so…that結構可轉換為enough for sb. to結構。如：

Millie is so old that she can go to school.

→Millie is old enough to go to school.

米莉年齡足夠大，能夠上學。

The box is so light that the child can lift it.

→The box is light enough for the child to lift.

那只盒子很輕，那孩子能夠舉起它。

②當that引導的從句為否定式時，若從句主語與主句主語相同，so…that結構可轉換為enough to的否定結構；若從句主語與主句主語不同，so…that結構可轉換為enough for sb. to的否定結構。需要注意的是，轉換后的形容詞或副詞要用其相應的反義詞。如：

The man is so old that he can’t go to work.

→The man isn’t young enough to go to work.

那男人太老了，以至不能夠去工作。

The desk is so heavy that I can’t move it.

→The desk isn’t light enough for me to move.

那張課桌太沉重，以至我不能搬動它。

二、so that既可引導目的狀語從句，也可引導結果狀語從句，可以由以下幾點進行區分：

1. 當表達“為了……”、“以便……”的含義時，引導的是目的狀語從句；當表達“以至于……”、“因此”的含義時，引導的是結果狀語從句。如：

If you do know， answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. 如果你的確知道，應大聲回答，以便讓全班同學都可以聽見。

It rained hard the day before yesterday， so that she had to stay at home. 前天雨下得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。

2. 當從句的謂語動詞有情態動詞can， could， may， might， should等時，是目的狀語從句；當從句里沒有情態動詞，且謂語動詞是一般現在時、一般過去時或現在完成時等時態時，引導的是結果狀語從句。如：

We stopped at Salt Lake City so that we could visit the monument to seagulls. 我們在鹽湖城逗留，為了可以參觀為海鷗修的紀念碑。

They have walked a long distance so that they are all tired. 他們走了很長的路，所以都很累。

3. 當so that之前有逗號時，引導的是結果狀語從句；反之，引導的是目的狀語從句。如：

You didn’t plan your revision well， so that you didn’t pass the exam. 你沒有好好地按計劃復習，結果你沒考及格。

The teacher must speak slowly so that the students may understand him. 那位老師必須講得慢些，以便所有的學生可以理解。

[跟蹤測試]

將下面含有so…that結構的主從復合句變為簡單句。

1. He was so weak that he couldn’t go a step further.

He was _____ weak _____ go a step further.

He was _____ weak

go a step further.

2. He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.

He is strong _____ lift the heavy box.

He is _____ strong _____ _____ lift the heavy box.

3. Lesson Two is so hard that we all can’t understand it.

Lesson Two is _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ understand.

4. The speaker spoke so slowly that we could hear him clearly.

The speaker spoke slowly _____ _____ _____ _____ hear him clearly.

Keys: 1. too， to; so， as not to 2. enough to; so， as to 3. too hard for us to 4. enough for us to