非謂語動詞的用法

非謂語動詞的用法非常多，但如果掌握了基本的方法，就會使它變得簡單，原則如下：

一、基本原則

從兩個方面來分析(語態(tài)和時態(tài))，除了特殊情況外。

ving 主動語態(tài) 進行時

to+v。 主動語態(tài) 將來時

(to he done) 被動語態(tài) 將來時

P。P 被動語態(tài) 完成時

注意：

1．有時時態(tài)與語態(tài)并非同時使用，要根據(jù)它的語境來決定。

Ving：

eg1：There is a bus coming．(coming=which is coming，此題中的coming既表主動又表進行)

eg2：I was woken up hy a bell ringing.(ringing=which rang，此題中的ringing只表主動)

To+v。

eg1：The police asked me to tell him my name．(to tell him my name只表主動)

eg2：I haven’t got a chair to sit on．(to sit on只表主動)

eg3：He sat down to have a rest．(to have a rest既表主動又表將來)

P。P

eg1：a fallen tree．(fallen此時表完成)

eg2：I had my hair cut．(cut此時表被動)

eg3：With everything finished，we started onr journey．(finish此時表被動完成)

2．特殊情況要根據(jù)它的原則處理。

比如finish必須要接ving形式；作結(jié)果狀語時，要用to+v。形式：

eg：He got home only to find his bike stolen．(此時表結(jié)果，只能用to+v。)

3．作定語時，盡量簡單，但作狀語時，通常要寫全。

eg1：The first textbooks written for teaching English asa foreign language came out in the 16th century.(written=having been written，此時作定語就可用P。p代替了。)

eg2：Having been separated from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world．(此時作狀語P。P的短語最好用它的完整形式)

二、分析方法

第一步：判斷是否用非謂語動詞

第二步：從語態(tài)方面考慮

第三步：從時態(tài)方面考慮

例題：We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，_____that all children like these things．(2006全國卷Ⅱ)

A thinking B think C to think D thought

第一步排除謂語動詞B項，因為若它是謂語動詞，則兩個句中就沒有連詞。第二步，D項表被動語態(tài)，此句的邏輯主語是人，是主動，所以排除。第三步，考慮時態(tài)。C項表將來，而此句是一般現(xiàn)在時。因此A項是正確選項。

三、高考題及分析

1．There have been served new events_____to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games．(2006北京卷)

A add B to add

C adding D added

第一步排除謂語動詞A項；第二步，考慮語態(tài)，此句中應該是被增加，所以應選D項。

2．When_____different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities．(2006浙江卷)

A compared B being compared

C comparing D having compared

第一步，從整個句子的時態(tài)來看，A項應是過去分詞。第二步，考慮語態(tài)，句子的邏輯主語是人，所以應該用主動語態(tài)形式。所以應排除A項和B項。第三步，考慮時態(tài)，此句沒有時間的先后，所以應排除D項。C項為正確選項。

3．It remains_____whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals．(2006浙江卷)

A seen B to be seen

C seeing D to see

第一步，此選項中沒有謂語動詞。第二步，考慮語態(tài)，代指后面的從句。指整件事，應表被動。排除C項和D項。第三步，考慮時態(tài)，此句中的表有待于做某事。所以，是將來的事。所以應選B項。

4．_____for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits。(2006福建卷)

A Blaming B Blamed

C To blame D To be blamed

第一步，沒有謂語動詞。第二，考慮語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，應受責備。本應該在B項和D項中選，但它們都不能表示應受責備的意思。C項表應受責備。所以應選C項。

5．The wild flowers looked like a soft strange blanket_____the desert．(2006湖南卷)

A covering B covered

C cover D to cover

第一步，排除謂語動詞C項。第二步，根據(jù)句意，花朵覆蓋沙漠，應該是主動的，應在A項和D項中選擇。第三步，排除D項，它表將來，正確選項為A項。

6．Don’t sit there_____nothing．Come and help with this table．(2006湖北卷)

A do B to do

C doing D and doing

第一步，排除謂語動詞A項和D項，D項中的doing和sit不是并列成分。第二步，沒有被動語態(tài)。第三步，B項表將來，此句是伴隨狀語，因此，C項為正確選項。

7．My cousin came to see me from the country，_____me a full basket of fresh fruits．(2006重慶卷)

A brought B bringing

C to bring D had brought

第一步，排除謂語動詞D項。第二步，根據(jù)句意，我的堂兄給我?guī)侵鲃拥模耘懦鼳項。第三步，C項表將來，此句是伴隨狀語，因此選B項。

四、鞏固練習

1．Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one______.(2006安徽卷)

A blamed B blaming

C to blame D to be blamed

2．Whenever he was asked why he was late for class，he would answer carelessly，always____the same thing．(2006江蘇卷)

A saying B said

C to say D having said

3．No matter how frequently_____，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over me world．(2006廣東卷)

A performed B performing

C to be performed D being performed

4．The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games____in Beijing in 2008．(2006四川卷)

A hold B holding

C held D to he held

5．____with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on line．(2006四川卷)

A Faced B Face

C Facing D To face

6．Faced with a bill for $ 10，000，______．(2006陜西卷)

A John has taken an extra job。

B the boss has given John an extra job。

C an extra job has been taken。

D an extra job has been given to John。

7．He hurried to the booking office only____that all the tickets had been sold out．(2006陜西卷)

A to tell B to be told

C telling D told

8．The storm left，_____a lot of damage to this area．(2005全國卷Ⅰ)

A caused B to have caused

C to cause D having caused

9．_____，the more expensive the camera，the better it squality．(2005北京)

A General speaking B Speaking general

C General speaking D Speaking generally

10．The prize of the game show is $ 30，000 and an all expenses____vacation to China．(2005北京)

A paying B paid

C to be paid D being paid

11．More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays，_____advantage of the health and relaxation.(2005上海卷)

A taking B taken

C having taken D having been taken

12．You should understand the traffic rule by now。You’ve had it_____often enough．(2005天津卷)

A explain B to explain

C explain D explained

13．All these gifts must he mailed immediately_____intime for Christmas．(2005遼寧卷)

A in order to have received

B in order to receive

C so as to received

D so as to receiving

14．The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without_____his notes．(2005浙江)

A bringing up B referring to

C looking for D trying on

15．—Can the project be finished as planned?

—Sure，______it completed in time，we will work two more hours a day．(2005福建卷)

A having got B to gel

C getting D get

16．_____in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor．(2005湖南卷)

A Dressed B To dress

C Dressing D Having dressed

17．I send you 100 dollars today，the rest_____in a year．(2005湖南卷)

A follows B followed

C to follow D being followed

18．When_____help，one often says“Thank you”or“It’s kind of you”．(2005福建卷)

A offering B to offer

C to be offered D offered

19．_____more about university courses，call746—3789．(2005浙江卷)

A To find out B Finding out

C Find out D Having found out

20．It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just_____a look at the sports stars.(2005上海卷)

A had B having

C to have D have

(答案：1—5 BAADA 6—10 ABDCB 11—15 ADCBB 16—20 ACDAC)