清幽世界清涼峰

清涼峰國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)地處浙江省臨安市境內(nèi)，與浙江淳安縣、安徽的績溪、歙縣、寧國四縣交界，海拔1787.4米，為浙北最高峰。1985年經(jīng)省人民政府批準(zhǔn)建立省級自然保護(hù)區(qū)，1998年8月擴(kuò)區(qū)并經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)晉升為國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)，1999年11月建立保護(hù)區(qū)管理局。

清涼峰峰奇石怪，谷幽泉清，霧山云海，自古稱奇。特別是江南小石林、天門奇觀、龍池、石長城、龍涎洞、山池飛瀑、十八龍?zhí)丁⒋笮∈T、劃船塘、千頃塘等等，景色更是別具一格，讓人向往流連。

保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)林海莽莽，古木參天，它由龍?zhí)辽缴稚鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)、千頃塘野生梅花鹿區(qū)域、順溪塢珍稀植物區(qū)域三大塊組成，總面積16.8萬畝，集體林12.3萬畝。區(qū)內(nèi)自然資源豐富，有高等植物1976種，脊椎動物283種，昆蟲1800多種。

清涼峰自然保護(hù)區(qū)生物多樣性突出，瀕危、珍稀物種多，有梅花鹿、云豹、黑麂、豹、白頸長尾雉、中華秋沙鴨等國家一級保護(hù)動物6種，穿山甲、白鷴、中華虎鳳蝶等國家二級保護(hù)動物32種，區(qū)內(nèi)保存著世界珍稀、瀕危的野生動物——華南梅花鹿的最大野生種群，并擁有銀杏、銀縷梅、夏臘梅等國家一級保護(hù)植物及國家級保護(hù)植物31種，模式標(biāo)本植物28種。清涼峰自然保護(hù)區(qū)不僅是我國重要生物多樣性的聚集地，也是瀕危、珍稀物種的一個集中產(chǎn)地，是我國長江三角洲地區(qū)不可多得的物種基因庫。

保護(hù)區(qū)一成立，管理局就著手組織力量開展勘界明址工作，本著“權(quán)屬不變、利益共享、管理依法”的原則與周邊4個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、22個行政村簽訂了12.3萬畝的集體山林界限四至協(xié)議，明確了各方職責(zé)，訂立了聯(lián)防保護(hù)公約，成立了清涼峰聯(lián)合保護(hù)委員會，健全了管理局——保護(hù)站——保護(hù)點三級保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，由局保護(hù)科、森警中隊分人分片負(fù)責(zé)聯(lián)絡(luò)，各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村專人協(xié)管。

保護(hù)區(qū)管理局在保護(hù)區(qū)總部昌化鎮(zhèn)投資150萬元建成了使用面積600余平方米的清涼峰科技館，年接待10000余人次；2004年被列為杭州市環(huán)境教育基地、2006年被評為浙江省生態(tài)環(huán)境教育示范基地和浙江省生態(tài)道德教育基地。

管理局先后自籌配套資金600余萬元完成了總投資1200多萬元的一期保護(hù)工程，并按照保護(hù)區(qū)總體規(guī)劃的要求修建了龍?zhí)辽奖Ｗo(hù)站等10個保護(hù)站點、2個檢查哨卡、2個望臺，修建生物防火林帶55公里，建成了森林防火視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和指揮中心，配備了風(fēng)力滅火器、滅火彈、防火服、油鋸等撲火工具，組建了清涼峰森警中隊和撲火突擊隊，定崗定位，加強(qiáng)巡邏監(jiān)控，責(zé)任到人，因而取得了自建立龍?zhí)辽绞〖壸匀槐Ｗo(hù)區(qū)以來23年無森林火災(zāi)的好成績。區(qū)內(nèi)生物種群數(shù)量不斷增多，森林覆蓋率也由建區(qū)時的85%增加到91%，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)趨于穩(wěn)定，2002年度被國家林業(yè)局授予“全國自然保護(hù)區(qū)先進(jìn)集體”的光榮稱號。

保護(hù)區(qū)組建的梅花鹿科考小組開展了“野生梅花鹿種群數(shù)量、分布情況等綜合性考察”，出版《華南梅花鹿的保護(hù)與馴養(yǎng)》一書。2006年又與浙江林學(xué)院合作建立了“峰涼峰華南梅花鹿研究所”，開展野生梅花鹿擴(kuò)繁工程。

在搞好保護(hù)的前提下，保護(hù)區(qū)充分利用自然資源豐富的優(yōu)勢，積極慎重地開展生態(tài)旅游，會同當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)在實驗區(qū)范圍內(nèi)開發(fā)建設(shè)了龍?zhí)辽健⑹L城等景區(qū)，彌補(bǔ)了保護(hù)經(jīng)費的不足，同時按照“吃住在區(qū)外、游覽在區(qū)內(nèi)”的要求，在局總部楓樹嶺小區(qū)引資建成了昌化地區(qū)規(guī)模較大的賓館——清涼峰山莊，擁有300余床位。此外，還投入1500萬元對長達(dá)21.7公里的侯頭至龍?zhí)辽焦愤M(jìn)行拓寬和砂改油，改善了生態(tài)旅游的開發(fā)條件，也為保護(hù)區(qū)的發(fā)展增強(qiáng)了后勁。

The Cool Peak Preserves Nature， Promotes Tourism

By Lou Houweng

The Qingliang (Cool) Peak， the key part of a namesake national nature reserve， towers at 1，788 meters above sea level. The highest point in the northern Zhejiang， it borders with Chuan誥n County of Zhejiang and three other counties in Anhui Province. The provincial Qingliang Peak nature reserve came into being in 1995 and it went national in August， 1998. The conservation administration was established in November， 1999.According to the last survey， the zone is home to 1，976 species of plants， 283 species of vertebrates， and 1，800 species of insects.

The peak is characterized by picturesque cliffs and rocks， bubbling streams and cascading waterfalls， age-old trees and meadows. The whole nature preserve consists of three separate sections in an aggregate area of 11，200 hectares. Some spots inside the zone have been converted into tourist attractions. The Dragon Pond Mountain features an ecological system kept intact; Qianqingtang is an age-old crater lake at more than 1，000 meters above sea level surrounded by seemingly low and undulating hilly meadows where spotted deer frequent when wild haw bear fruits; extremely rare and valuable plant species thrive in Shunxi Valley.

The reserve features biodiversity. Of the nearly 40 species of animals under national protection in the zone， the Southern China spotted deer group is the largest community in China. The reserve serves as a live bank of rare genes of plants and animals in the delta area of the Yangtze River.

Shortly after the reserve came into being， the protection administration organized field teams to determine its demarcation lines. Agreements were signed with towns and villages which are owners of the hills and woods in the reserve， clarifying responsibilities for preservation. A three-tier protection mechanism has been in smooth and effective operation to make sure that every part of the reserve is well under protection.

With an amount of 1.5 million yuan， a museum was built in Changhua where the administration headquarters sits. The museum displays specimens and photographs of rare fauna and flora under protection. The administration has completed the first phase of the infrastructure project across the reserve with an investment of 12 million， half of which was raised by the administration itself. As the result of the first phase， ten protection stations， two checkpoints， two watchtowers and a fifty-kilometer-long fire belt were built. The fire surveillance system has been set up with one command center and a series of facilities. The Cool Peak area is regularly patrolled. For the 23 years since the Dragon Pond Mountain came under the provincial protection， no forest fire has broken out. And the species of fauna and flora there have expanded and increased since then. The afforestation rate grew from 85% 23 years ago to 91% today. In 2002， the administration was recognized by the Ministry of Forest as a model unit for its accomplishment in preservation.

While dedicated to preservation duties， the administration has also taken cautious measures to develop tourism. An experimental zone has been developed to generate some income to make up for the shortage of funds. Backpack hikers are now encouraged to conduct adventures during daytime within the zone but spend the night outside the protected area. To cater to the needs of tourists， a guesthouse with 300 beds has been in operation in the compound of the administration. What is more， a 21.7-kilometer highway has been refurbished and widened with an investment of 15 million yuan to improve the connection between the protection station in the Dragon Pond Mountain and a nearby provincial highway. The mountain road not only provides convenience to tourists but also serves as useful infrastructure to further boost the preservation of the Cool Peak.

(Translated by David)