毛昭晰漫憶“風雨茅廬”

“郁伯伯大概不會想到，那個經常去他家里玩的小男孩，有一天居然會為他的銅像揭幕。” 上世紀90年代，浙江大學歷史系教授毛昭晰受邀為富陽的郁達夫銅像揭幕。那一刻，已經兩鬢斑白的毛昭晰感慨萬千，60多年的時光，在這短短一句話中悄然溜過。

毛昭晰口中的“郁伯伯”，就是郁達夫。而那個“家”，也就是杭州的郁達夫故居、大學路場官弄63號“風雨茅廬”。原來，毛昭晰兒時的居所緊鄰“風雨茅廬”，他與郁達夫和王映霞夫婦的大兒子郁飛還是小學同學。

2007年7月，“風雨茅廬”在結束半個多世紀的派出所用房后，終于開始整修。消息傳來，78歲的毛昭晰眼神凝重，記憶如夏日的杭城陽光，傾瀉一地。

“風雨茅廬”留下歡聲笑語

“我們家和風雨茅廬不過一巷之隔。”在省文物局辦公室里，毛昭晰輕輕撫平面前的一張白紙，用一支短短的鉛筆勾勒出當年大學路場官弄的地圖。毛昭晰的父親毛路真是當時浙江大學數學系講師，上世紀30年代，他們一家就住在大學路的浙大教工宿舍“求是里”。那是個小院子，里頭有5戶人家，毛家是最東面那戶。隔著‘求是里’的小竹園和窄窄的場官弄，‘風雨茅廬’就在東南面。

而毛昭晰對于郁家的回憶，在“風雨茅廬”誕生之前，便已經開始。1933年暮春，37歲的郁達夫全家從上海移居杭州，大兒子郁飛與毛昭晰成為橫河小學的同學，而毛昭晰的大妹妹毛雪瑩則與郁飛弟弟郁云成為同桌。“他們先租下了場官弄的一座老房子，正對著‘求是里’的竹園。那房子門朝西，進門有一個石板地的小天井。”

當時，毛昭晰只有六七歲，用的名字也是外祖父為他取的“毛祖康”。兒時的歲月似乎總是無憂無慮，毛昭晰清楚地記得，兩個孩子最喜歡的游戲是在郁達夫家天井的水缸里玩紙船。“天井里有好幾個水缸，每次我們劃紙船，郁飛的媽媽王映霞就靠在房間的門邊看著我們玩，臉上漾著笑容，十分和藹可親。”

1936年春天，在老房子的南面幾步之遙，郁達夫親自設計的“風雨茅廬”完工。后來，王映霞回憶，新家于“1935年年底動工，熬過了一個冰雪的冬季......足足花掉了一萬五六千元”。據記載，當時的“風雨茅廬”綠陰匝地，花木扶疏，兩間書房的三面沿壁里全都排列著落地的高大書架，密密麻麻地放著數萬冊中、英、日、德、法等國文字的書籍。而對孩子們來說，這里則是新的游戲天堂——“風雨茅廬” 仿造日本民居，在院子進門右側專門辟出一間房子作為兒童游戲室，毛昭晰與郁飛便常常在房間里的榻榻米上玩耍。

“不過郁達夫在這里呆的時間并不長。”“風雨茅廬”建成后僅僅半年，郁達夫便遠赴福建謀職，奔波于閩杭之間。所以，在毛昭晰記憶中，他與郁達夫見面的次數并不多。不過，郁達夫的面容至今仍深深地印在他腦海中。“在我印象里，郁伯伯瘦瘦的，個頭一般，常穿一件藍布長衫，喜歡去浙江圖書館。那時候我們都知道，郁飛的爸爸是個大文學家。”

相比之下，毛昭晰更熟悉留守在家的王映霞。“我記得，她的相貌就像舊時月份牌上的明星，很大方、很漂亮。她的手也很靈巧，她很疼愛兒子，郁飛、郁云的毛線衫都是她自己織的。”我記得郁飛有一件深咖啡色的翻領毛線衫，我媽媽覺得式樣很新、很好看，就照著樣子給我也織了一件。”

聽巴人談郁達夫之死

美好的時光是短暫的，1937年，抗日戰爭爆發，毛昭晰一家逃難到寧波、奉化、龍泉、福建等地，他與郁飛一家也失去了聯系。“記不清是哪一年了，我媽媽在鄉下看到報紙，說郁達夫與王映霞離婚了。” 1938年12月，郁達夫偕妻王映霞、長子郁飛離開福州前往新加坡，1940年，夫婦倆在新加坡協議離婚，郁飛則暫時留在了新加坡。曾經的那份美好只留在永久的記憶之中。“1945年，抗戰勝利，我考進浙大回到杭州，橫河小學已經沒了，‘求是里’也成了一片平地。”世事變遷讓當時年輕的毛昭晰唏噓不已。

而毛昭晰記憶最深刻的，則是關于郁達夫之死的消息：1945年，郁達夫被日本憲兵秘密殺害在蘇門答臘。“大約是1952年的舊歷年初吧，中國駐印尼首任大使王任叔（巴人）卸任回國來杭，他是我爸爸的摯友。我爸爸帶著我去他住的西泠飯店（今香格里拉）看他，在場的還有王任叔在安徽工作的女兒和我父親的另一位摯友江文濤伯伯。整個晚上，任叔伯伯談的都是郁達夫。” 當時毛昭晰已在杭州大學（當時的浙江師范學院）擔任助教，兒時與郁飛的友誼，讓他一直牽掛著郁達夫一家人的命運。

“新加坡淪陷之前，郁達夫和王任叔等一大批華人知識分子從新加坡避難到印尼的蘇門答臘，不久蘇門答臘也被日軍占領。有一天，郁達夫坐的公共汽車被開著卡車的日本憲兵攔截。車上的人全都嚇壞了，不知道日本憲兵在說什么，只有在日本留過學的郁達夫知道他們是在問路。于是他就用流利的日語作了回答。憲兵一聽，這個人日語講得這么好，就要他給憲兵隊當翻譯，坐公共汽車的人還以為郁達夫是奸細。其實，當時郁達夫取了個假名字叫‘趙廉’，用酒廠老板的身份掩護自己，還兼做肥皂生意。”

“大約半年左右，郁達夫稱自己有肺病，不干了。誰知，日本人投降后，有一天，憲兵隊隊長來找他，郁達夫跟著出去，就這樣一去不復返了。可能是因為郁達夫了解不少憲兵隊的勾當，他們怕他會揭露出來，便把他秘密殺害了。”

巴人的回憶在毛昭晰心里留下了深刻的印象，尤其讓他感動的是，是那個動蕩歲月中，四處漂泊的郁達夫始終堅持愛國信念——在海外流亡期間，郁達夫一直不遺余力地宣傳抗日救亡。 1941年12月，珍珠港事件爆發，新加坡文藝界華僑組織了“星洲華僑文化界戰時工作團”，團長便是郁達夫。而在印尼給日本憲兵做翻譯期間，郁達夫還利用自己的特殊身份，保護了大批愛國志士與華僑。

“新加坡人對郁達夫有著深厚的感情。1987年11月，我受邀到新加坡參加豐子愷先生的畫展，新加坡《聯合早報》社長還對我說，新加坡老華僑非常懷念郁達夫先生，希望我轉告郁飛，他們要請郁飛去新加坡。”郁達夫逝去多年后，仍然在新加坡有很大影響力，這也讓毛昭晰感觸至深。

郁達夫一生奔波輾轉，而郁飛的命運也經歷了幾次波折。1948年，郁飛幾經波折考入浙大外文系，與當時已是史地系四年級學生的毛昭晰再次相遇。后來因為一些原因，郁飛孤身遠赴新疆，度過了將近30年的時光。到“文革”后，他調回杭州，在浙江文藝出版社工作，并擔任浙江省政協委員，在省政協，郁飛與毛昭晰兩位兒時的小朋友又重逢在一起。“上世紀90年代，郁飛遠赴美國，臨走前來我家告別，送給我夫人一本他翻譯的《瞬息京華》做紀念。這本書是林語堂著的英文小說，他說翻譯這本書是郁達夫的心愿，算是了了他父親的愿望。”

“郁達夫被害已經62年了，但黨和人民一直在紀念他，杭州人也忘不了他。我要感謝橫河派出所的同志，在他們的愛護下，風雨茅廬才能經歷幾十年風雨卻容顏不改，給我們現在的維修帶來了很大的方便。”70多年的風雨歲月，在毛昭晰的記憶里沉甸甸的，而今人對逝者的懷念，讓他頗感欣慰，“把風雨茅廬修繕好，也算是我們對郁達夫先生的一個紀念吧！”

鏈接：毛昭晰1929年5月生于寧波，世居杭州，祖籍奉化。1949年畢業于浙江大學，1951年后在杭州大學、浙江大學任教。1983－1993年兼任浙江省文化廳副廳長、文物局局長及浙江省博物館館長。曾任第四屆浙江省政協委員、第五、第六屆省政協常委、第七屆全國政協委員、第八屆浙江省人大常委會副主任、第九屆全國人大常務委員會委員。現任浙江大學歷史系教授、浙江省老教授協會會長、浙江省博物館名譽館長等職。

Old Man's Memory of an Old House

By Lin Shaoqing

\"Uncle Yu would never have imagined that a boy who frequently came to play in his house decades ago would one day unveil his bronze statue，\" Mao Zhaoxi made this remark in the 1990s when he， as a professor of history with Zhejiang University， unveiled a statue of Yu Dafu on the campus of Fuyang Middle School.

\"Uncle Yu\" is Yu Dafu (1895-1945)， a prominent Chinese writer killed by Japanese gendarmes in Indonesia in 1945. And the \"house\" refers to the former residence of Yu Dafu at 63 Changguan Lane， Daxue Road in Hangzhou. As a kid， Mao often came to the house to play with Yu Fei， the eldest son of Yu Dafu and Wang Yingxia. It was in the early 1930s. About seven decades have vanished fast.

In July， 2007， the public security bureau， which had been using the house as an office for over five decades， finally turned it over to the provincial administration of cultural relics. Learning the good news that a refurbishment project would soon start to restore the house， the 78-year-old Mao sighed in great relief.

One day， Mao Zhaoxi and I chatted about the former residence of Yu Dafu in an office at the administration of the cultural relics. Mao drew a map on a piece of paper and showed me where his family lived and where the Yu family lived in the compound. Back in the early 1930s， Mao's father was a professor of mathematics with Zhejiang University. The Mao family lived in a small compound with four other families. Like the Mao family， each neighbor had someone working at the university.

It was the spring of 1933 that the 38-year-old Yu Dafu and his family moved from Shanghai to Hangzhou. They came to live in a rented house near the compound where the Mao family lived. Mao Zhaoxi and Yu Dafu's son became classmates. Mao's younger sister and Yu Fei's younger brother also became classmates. The kids often played together. The favorite game they played was making paper boats and letting them float in big water urns lined against the wall in the courtyard. That year， Mao Zhaoxi was 8 years old.

The house was designed by Yu himself. The building project started in the winter of 1935 and completed in the spring of 1936. The new house was only a few steps away from the rented house where Yu Dafu lived previously. Yu Dafu named it the Wind and Rain Thatched House， though it was not a thatched house and it was not shaky and leaky when wind and rain came. Yu was only following a Chinese literary tradition to give his house a name to express his worldview or literary taste or life experience. The new house was in the Japanese architectural style and it was surrounded by a garden. Mao Zhaoxi was most impressed by the two-room library. Each room had three walls lined with tall bookshelves stacked densely with books in Chinese， Japanese， English， French， and German. For Mao Zhaoxi and other children， the new house was like a playground. One room was specially designed for them to play.

Mao Zhaoxi remembers clearly how frequently visitors came to visit Yu Dafu. But Yu Dafu did not live in the new house for long. About half a year later， he went to work in Fujian Province and he shuttled back and forth between home and employment for a while. Though he did not often see Uncle Yu， Mao has a vivid memory of the great writer: he was thin and in normal height; he often wore a blue cotton long gown; he frequented the Zhejiang Library nearby. All the kids knew that Yu Fei's father was a big-name writer.

Mao remembers Wang Yingxia more clearly. \"She looked like a model on the calendar. She was very beautiful. She loved Yu Fei. All the sweaters he wore were made by his mother. Yu Fei had a dark brown sweater with a turndown collar. My mother thought it looked nice and made a sweater in the same style for me.\"

Japan launched all-out invasion into China in 1937. The Mao family fled to remote areas of the province and lost contact with the Yu family. Mao' s mother read the divorce of Yu Dafu and Wang Yingxia in a newspaper one day. The divorce was done in Singapore in 1940. Yu Fei stayed with his father in Singapore. After the war ended in 1945， Mao Zhaoxi came back to Hangzhou and entered Zhejiang University as a student. The house where his family once lived was gone and the primary school where he and Yu Fei once studied was also gone.

In the first month of 1952 on the lunar calendar， Ba Ren， China's first ambassador to Indonesia， came to Hangzhou. He was a friend of Mao Zhaoxi's father. So the father and the son went to Xiling Hotel (today's Shangri-La Hotel) to visit the ambassador. For the whole evening， the ambassador talked nothing but the death of Yu Dafu in Sumatra， Indonesia in 1945.

Before the fall of Singapore， a large group of Chinese intellectuals fled to Indonesia. One day in Sumatra， Japanese gendarmes stopped a bus. A gendarme stepped into the bus and said something in Japanese. The passengers in the bus were all frightened. Yu Dafu replied in fluent Japanese. It turned out that the Japanese gendarme was asking for directions. Seeing Yu talking with the Japanese， some passengers thought Yu Dafu was a Japanese spy.

In Indonesia， Yu Dafu used a 1 name and disguised himself as a soap businessman. After the incident， the Japanese gendarmes engaged Yu to work as an interpreter. Doing his job， Yu protected a large group of local resistance fighters and overseas Chinese. Yu did not work for the Japanese for long. In less a year， he excused himself from the job on the pretext that he had lung disease. After the Japan announced its surrender， the commander of the Japanese gendarmes came to see Yu one day and said he needed Yu on an urgent mission. Yu left with the commander and never came back. Friends believed Yu was killed because the Japanese invaders thought this interpreter knew too much.

When Yu Fei entered the foreign language department of Zhejiang University in 1945， Yu Fei and Mao Zhaoxi， then a postgraduate at the anthropology research institute， were able to renew their friendship. They remained close until Yu Fei migrated to USA in the 1990s. The goodbye gift from Yu Fei was \"Moment in Peking\" by Li Yutang， translated by Yu Fei. Yu Fei said his father had wanted to translate the novel and now he translated it to make his father's wish come true.

(Translated by David)