生存的勇氣

活著，就是一種幸運。人在經(jīng)歷了生離死別之后，或許更能體會到生存的可貴。

這一期，特別選取了兩段這樣對白：一個是身處太空布置能否安全返回地面的宇航員，一個是戰(zhàn)爭中出色的狙擊手，或許從他們的話中，我們能體會到生存中更深層的意義吧！

● Apollo 13 阿波羅13號

1970年4月，太空船阿波羅13號正在執(zhí)行登陸月球的任務，但控制中心忽然接獲太空船在20.5萬千里外傳來的訊息——“休斯敦，我們出問題了！”這句話如洪水般擾亂了中心內所有科學家和工程師們的心，這是他們最不愿聽到的消息。太空船已快接近月球了，然而在外太空中的一場爆炸，導致阿波羅13號失去氧氣、動力還有導向功能。這一瞬間，三位太空人吉姆·洛維爾、佛瑞·德漢斯、杰克·史威吉特要面對前所未有的考驗，他們必須把握僅有的4天時間重返地球，每分每秒對他們來說都顯得彌足珍貴，除接受控制中心的指引外，其他的一切都得靠他們自己，他們不愿拋下妻兒成太空中的孤魂，勇氣、信心及毅力支持著他們奮斗下去。

阿波羅13號受困于太空中，電視臺播放了一段吉姆出發(fā)之前的訪談節(jié)目。在節(jié)目中，吉姆闡述了自己對飛行和恐懼的體會。

Announcer: Apollo 13 commander Jim Lovell has more time in space almost 24 days already,than any other man,and I asked him recently if he ever was scared.

Jim: Ive had an engine flame out a few times in an aircraft and was curious as to whether it was going to light up again. But, uh, they seem to work out.

Announcer: Is there an instance in an airplane emergency when you can recall fear?

Jim: Un, well, I remember this one time Im in a Banshee at night in combat conditions,so theres no running lights on the carrier. It was the Shangri-la, and we were in the Sea of Japan. My radar had jammed, and my homing signal was gone,because somebody in Japan was actually using the same frequency and so it was leading me away from where I was supposed to be. Im looking down at a big, black ocean, so I flip on my map light. Then,suddenly, zap, everything shorts out right there in my cockpit. All my instruments are gone. My lights are gone,and I cant even tell what my altitude is. I know Im running out of fuel,so Im thinking about ditching into the ocean. I look down there and then,in the darkness, theres this, uh, theres this green trail. Its like a long carpet thats just laid out right beneath me. It was the algae. It was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake of a big ship. And it was, it was, it was just leading me home. If my cockpit lights hadnt shorted out, theres no way Id have ever been able to see that. So,uh,you,uh,you never know what,what events are going to transpire to get you home.

播音員：吉姆·洛維爾上過太空24天，比其他任何人都有經(jīng)驗，我問他是否會害怕。

吉姆：我碰到過引擎著火，氣候惡劣，不過都能逢兇化吉。

播音員：哪次緊急狀況令你感到恐懼？

吉姆：嗯，有次開戰(zhàn)斗機航空母艦沒有燈，在日本海上雷達壞了。導航頻率竟然被人占用，把我引往反方向。我看著下面黑暗的大海，打開小燈，啪，機艙全熄，儀表板警示燈熄滅，高度不清。我知道快沒油了，所以想在海上迫降。我看到海平面上有綠線，就像地毯一樣鋪在海上的海藻。大船開過浮上來的發(fā)光海藻，它就指引我回到航空母艦。機艙燈不熄我就看不到海藻。總是能有辦法安全回家的。

平安回到地面后，這幾位航空員受到了人們的熱烈歡迎。在接受大家歡迎的同時，吉姆交代了每個人的去向和對幫助過他們的人的感謝。

Jim: Our mission was called a successful failure in that we returned safely,but never made it to the moon. In the following months, it was determined that a damaged coil built inside the oxygen tank sparked during our cryo stir and caused the explosion that crippled the Odyssey. I was a minor defect that occurred two years before I was named the flights commander. Fred Haise was going back to the moon on Apollo 18, but his mission was canceled because of budget cuts. He never flew in space again. Nor did Jack Swigert,who left the astronaut corps and was elected to Congress from the state of Colorado. But he died of cancer before he was able to take office. Ken Mattingly orbited the moon as command module pilot of Apollo 16,and flew the space shuttle, having never gotten the measles. Gene Kranz retired as Director of Flight Operations just not long ago. And many other members of Mission Control have gone on to other things, and some were still there. And for me, the seven extraordinary days of Apollo 13 were my last in space. I watched other man walk on the moon and return safely, all from the confines of Mission Control and our house in Houston. I sometimes catch myself looking up at the moon,remembering the changes of fortune in our long voyage,thinking of the thousands of people who worked to bring the three of us home. I look up at the moon and wonder when will we be going back and who will that be?

吉姆：我們的任務被稱為成功的失敗。安全回家但沒有登陸月球，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)是氧氣槽的電線受損，在搖晃時爆炸，損壞太空船。這是兩年前的小缺陷。弗列要坐阿波羅18登陸月球，但是最終應為預算裁減而取消任務，他從此沒再上太空。杰克也是一樣，后來他被選上科羅拉多參議員，但在上任前就因癌癥去世了。肯邁丁利指揮阿波羅16環(huán)繞月球，他也駕駛過太空船，從來沒得過麻疹。金尼不久前退休了。控制中心的成員有些還在崗位。而我，阿波羅13上驚人的七天，是我最后一次上太空。我看著別人到月球漫步平安回來，都是從控制中心或家中觀看的。我有時看著月亮，想起這次飛行，想到許多人努力幫我們回家。我看著月球想，我們何時回去，又會是誰呢？

● Enemy at the Gates兵臨城下

瓦西里·澤索夫是烏拉爾山區(qū)的牧羊人，多年的放牧生活練就了瓦西里的好槍法，伏爾加格勒保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)打響后，瓦西里應征入伍。他一槍斃敵的絕招在不到十天的戰(zhàn)斗里就狙殺了40多名德國兵，一時間“瓦氏神槍，彈無虛發(fā)”的神話傳遍整個戰(zhàn)場。然而在之后的幾天，蘇軍的狙擊兵也連連被人槍殺，對方同樣只使用一發(fā)子彈。真正的對手來了！

瓦西里見到了美麗的女狙擊手塔妮婭后，兩個人在營地的晚會上聊起了生存的話題。

Vassili: All these people here know theyre gonna die. So each night when they make it back,its a bonus. [Coughing]

Tania: Excuse me. [Laughs]

Vassili: So, every cup of tea, every cigarette, becomes a little celebration. Because for a lot of us, it may be our last night. Its just something you have to accept here. Everyone has their time. In the forest, the wolf lives for three years, the donkey for nine.

Tania: So, thats—thats got to be a proverb from the Urals. It makes no sense to me whatsoever.

Vassili: The donkey lives longer because hes more useful. Makes absolute sense.

Tania: There arent any donkeys in the forest. You made it up. So, Im a donkey?

Vassili: People like you and Danilov... have to survive this. People who have read books,had an education. Well need you when the war is over.

Tania: And if you survive? What will the useless Vassili Zaitsev do then?

Vassili: I wanna work in a factory. My granddad took me to a factory once. There was this man there,high up on a-on a foot walk. He wasnt wearing blue like the others.The people he was supervising didnt understand what they were doing. But for him,for him up there,it was simple, it was clear. And I thought,“one day,I could be that man. I can be the man.” Sad to have a dream you know wont happen.

Tania: Why shouldnt it? Youll outlive us all. Youll be the oldest donkey in the forest.

瓦西里：這些人知道他們都會死，因此他們每天晚上都如此。那些獎勵……[咳嗽]

塔妮婭：抱歉。[笑]

瓦西里：那么，每一杯茶，每一根雪茄，都是一次小小的慶祝。因為對我們來說，它都可能是最后一次。有些事情不得不接受，人人都有他們自己的時間。在森林里，狼能生活3年，而驢子則可以呆9年。

塔妮婭：這可能是居烏俄拉諺語吧。但他對我來說，什么都不是。

瓦西里：驢子活得久些，因為它有用，這是絕對的。

塔妮婭：不是任何驢子都活在森林里的。你瞎編的！那我是驢子嗎？

瓦西里：像你和達尼洛夫這樣的人，應該生存下去。你們知書達理，受過高等教育，戰(zhàn)爭結束后，國家需要你們。

塔妮婭：要是你幸存了呢？亞西里·扎伊采夫到那時就沒用了嗎？

瓦西里：我會去工廠工作。我爺爺帶我去過工廠，那里有很多人，站得高高的，在天橋上面。他不像別人一樣身穿藍色制服，他是一個管理人員。我不明白他們在做些什么全是因為他。就這么簡單，再清楚不過了，我在想，“有一天我也要站在上面。我要成為那個人。我要成為他。”可惜這只是個夢，不會發(fā)生的。

塔妮婭：干嗎這樣說。你不會有事的，你會是森林里最老的驢子。