畬鄉廊橋古韻

在浙江景寧畬族自治縣的鄉間，留存著許多古色古香的木拱廊橋，如今這些木拱廊橋成了畬鄉文化中一個引人注目的靚點。

浙南廊橋眾多，僅景寧境內的廊橋就有100多座。這些廊橋構造格局各具特色，它們是當年村人聚會的場所，也是畬鄉的標志性建筑，特別是大際鄉的胡橋、東風橋，東坑的上橋、下橋、白鶴橋、平橋、龍潭橋、北溪橋和大赤坑的成美橋、大地橋等，建筑風格獨特，頗有古建筑韻味。

這里的每一座廊橋都有一個動人的故事：大際鄉的胡橋長17.9米，寬15.3米，為正方形的廊屋式木梁橋。此橋相傳為一胡姓銀匠所造，因為這位銀匠在采銀中發跡，為了紀念這一發家史，便造了這座廊橋；而護關橋則是一座三層三檐兩孔伸臂式木梁橋，這座廊橋全長27米，寬7.1米、高9.5米，建于清乾隆年間（1736—1795年）；東坑下橋建于清康熙二十八年（1689年），它是飽受兵戈災禍的標志：原來漢武帝時，地處偏僻的浙江景寧東坑鄉間當時成了不愿北遷江淮的甌越人逃難避居之地，這些避居者在此休養生息，開發了東坑。到了北宋時期，西南的越族部落儂智高率族人起義，浙南殘存的甌越人紛紛響應。朝廷在得知甌越人“造反”后，當即派駐守在北方邊關的楊文廣部前來鎮壓，甌越人的村落頓時被殺掠一空，這是東坑遭受的第一次慘烈兵禍；東坑遇到的第二次大兵禍是康熙十五年（1676年），當時閔藩狄率領作亂的敗兵退至東坑燒殺搶掠，又將東坑變成廢墟。后來朝廷下旨讓福建等地的移民移居到這里。這些新的移民立住腳跟后，就合力建造了這座橫架貫穿于東坑村的木拱廊橋，同時還建造了神廟馬仙宮。

畬鄉其他地方的許許多多廊橋，也都與東坑的下橋一樣有著動人的故事，它成了一個地方的村史和鄉史，并成了鄉土文化的重要財富。此外，眾多的廊橋也成了當地民眾的娛樂休閑重要場所。

經過了無數風雨歷程的洗禮，如今景寧畬族自治區的廊橋在有關部門的努力下已經被漸漸開發和利用，它已經濃縮成一種旅游文化，成為游人、攝影家們駐足觀賞和民俗研究的對象，每座廊橋都以其獨具魅力的故事吸引著游人。

廊橋那飛檐翹角的外貌、古色古香的斗拱，凝聚著舊時建筑工匠獨到的精湛技藝，它那每一根柱子、每一個斗拱，無不展現出藝術魅力，它在當前的經濟大潮中已演化成一種地方人文歷史。不過可惜的是英川的一座古廊橋由于當地建設需要而被拆除了，然而慶幸的是經過當地政府的多方努力，被拆的那座廊橋現已移往北京歷史博物館。這一歷史性的遷移，使得畬鄉的廊橋文化得以更科學地保存下來。

“細雨打芭蕉，南國景致更妖嬈。夢生依稀多少次，瀟瀟，綠嶺煙村風雨橋。”走過這古老的廊橋，頓時讓人勾起思古之幽情！特別是當山村里的孩子唱起了“過廊橋，找婆家，對岸的姑娘，對岸的郎”這首充滿童趣和地方特色的歌謠時，真讓人浮想聯翩，這歌謠把這僻靜山村簡樸而快樂的生活與這一座座歷經滄桑的廊橋緊密地聯系在一起，生發出一種樸素之美！

Corridor Bridges in She Ethic County

The southern Zhejiang is home to， among other things， corridor bridges. Jingning， a mountainous county where the She ethnic people inhabit， boasts more than 100 corridor bridges. As landmarks of the She ethnic people， these are not just bridges.

Each corridor bridge tells a story. According to local historians， the Hu Bridge in Daji Town was built by a silversmith surnamed Hu. The man discovered a silver mine and became rich. To celebrate the fortune， the family had the 17.9-meter-long 15.3-meter-wide wood corridor bridge built. The Down Bridge in rural Dongkeng Town stands witness to sufferings and battles. In the years of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-24 A.D.)， local people in southern Zhejiang refused to obey the government order to relocate to the north. They fled to Dongkeng and settled down there. In the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)， the Yue tribes rebelled in the southwest. And the remnant Yue people in southern Zhejiang responded and rebelled too. But the government troops snuffed out the rebellion and massacred the people in Dongkeng. It was the first calamity Dongkeng suffered in history. The second calamity occurred in 1676 when some rebels， after their defeat by the government， retreated to Dongkeng and looted Dongkeng and killed villagers. Later the government carried out a relocation project and people from Fujian and other places moved to Dongkeng. In 1689， villagers built this corridor bridge which goes through the village.

Corridor bridges in Jingning are more than history. They are tangible records of local culture and architecture. The overhanging eaves and pendentives highlight the unique craftsmanship of the local people.A few years ago， an ancient corridor bridge in Yingchuan had to be dismantled for a development project. The local government took all the troubles to find a new home for the bridge. The bridge is now relocated as a whole to the History Museum in Beijing. This historical migration will help better preserve the culture of the corridor bridges in Jingning.

Today， the corridor bridges in Jingning are alluring tourist destinations that pull in visitors. These bridges are the favorites of photographers and folk lifestyle researchers.

(Translated by David)