999精品在线视频,手机成人午夜在线视频,久久不卡国产精品无码,中日无码在线观看,成人av手机在线观看,日韩精品亚洲一区中文字幕,亚洲av无码人妻,四虎国产在线观看 ?

中晚熟蘋果新品種望月冰翠的選育

2025-09-05 00:00:00續海紅李廣普張國強艾渤昊李旭強王俊雅
果樹學報 2025年8期

中圖分類號:S661.1 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1009-9980(2025)08-1905-04

Abstract: Wangyuebingcui is a mid-to-late season apple cultivar optimized for fresh consumption, and characterized by its premium yellowish-green exterior. This variety was developed through controlled hybridization in 2O07 in the experimental orchards using Tsugaru as the maternal parent and composite pollens blend from Fuji and Danxia cultivars.Following germination of labeled hybrid seeds in the spring of 20o8,1256 robust seedlings were meticulously cultivated. The hybrid population commenced significant fruiting in 2013,with successive selection rounds in 2014 (primary) and 2015 (secondary) identifying superior traits including consistent productivity,balanced sweet-acid flavor profile, crisp-textured juicy flesh,spontaneous floral initiation,and distinctive unbagged green fruits with glossy surfaces.Multi-regional adaptability trials conducted in Linyi,Wanrong,and Pu counties of Yuncheng City demonstrated exceptional environmental adaptability, culminating in formal cultivar registration as Wangyuebingcui in 2024.The cultivar exhibits an open-branching architecture with primary branch angles exceeding 70° . Juvenile branches present reddish-brown coloration featuring sparse lenticels and moderate pubescence, maturing to grey-green in 2-3 year growth with brown, slightly protuberant lenticels.Foliar morphology includeslanceolate-elliptic laminae (mean 9.83cm×5.0cm )withacute apices and crenate margins, displaying slight undulation from pale green in juvenility to dark green in maturity. A cluster contains 5-6 flowers with 4.37cm diameter corollas on 2.21cm pedicels, transitioning from pink buds to pinkish-white ovate petals.Fruit development progresses from greenish-brown at immature stage to subglobose at maturity stage (shape index 0.91) with uniform yellowish-green base coloration.The waxy and blemish-free surface encases creamy-white flesh exhibiting dense cellular structure,notable crispness, and abundant juice secretion.Average fruit mass reaches 194.70g (maximum 222.97g ,containing 5-7 seeds per fruit,with distinctive sweetness ( 15.60% soluble solids content) and pronounced aromatic quality. Physicochemical profiling confirms premium attributes: 0.22% titratable acidity, 2.48mg?100g-1 vitamin C content, and firmness of 8.32kg?cm-2 .The135-140 day fruit development cycle culminates in mid-September maturation in central Shanxi ( 37°2036′′N and 112°29 35′′E ),demonstrating negligible preharvest drop.The cultivar combines high budbreak rate with moderate branching capacity, exhibiting spur-type growth pattern,sustained cluster-base productivity, and axillary flowering propensity. Notable resistance to anthracnose leaf spot (Glomerella cingulata) and broad environmental adaptability are documented.Postharvest evaluations reveal extended storage potential without pathological deterioration. It is adaptable to all major Chinese apple-growing regions,achieving second-year fruiting capacityand stabilized yieldsof 28.86t?hm-2 during full production. Rootstocks are recommended to apply Malus baccata or M. robusta as base stocks,and the SH series as interstocks, or alternatively employ self-rooted dwarfing rootstocks such as M9 -T337 and G935.Planting densities should follow 2m×4m (standard) or (1.0-1.5 ) m×4m (high-density) configurations,and trees should be trained to slender spindle system. Canopy management involves spring branch thinning for structural optimization and summer practices including branch training,shoot pinching, vegetative growth control,and light exposure maximization.Pollination systems require (7-8)÷1 ratiosusingDanxia,Fuji, or Gala cultivars.Nutrient management emphasizes autumn organic manure and phased nitrogen-phosphorus-potassum application at critical growth stages,supplemented by foliar calcium-magnesium fertilization during rapid fruit expansion.

Key words: Apple; New cultivar; Wangyuebingcui; Medium-late ripening

作為我國栽培規模最大的落葉果樹,蘋果產業在產量與種植面積上持續保持全球領先地位[-2]。然而,生產體系中富士系晚熟品種的長期主導引發了系列產業瓶頸,包括遺傳多樣性缺失、果實品質衰退、管理投入增加及經濟效益下滑等突出問題[3-5]。當前蘋果新品種選育的重點聚焦于選育兼具果色類型豐富、風味特征顯著、栽培管理簡化、抗病性強及成熟期梯度分布等綜合特性的突破性品種。

1選育經過

望月冰翠是由山西農業大學果樹研究所雜交選育的中晚熟黃綠色蘋果新品種。團隊于2008年雜交授粉,授粉母本為津輕,父本來自于富士和丹霞的混合花粉,2008年獲得種子共計1950粒。于2009年獲得1256株雜交苗,定植于山西農業大學果樹研究所蘋果育種圃。2013年開始掛果,2014年初選優系,并高接,通過連續4a(年)田間觀察,發現該優系植物學特征和生物學特性均穩定,2019年復選優系,開始在山西省普中市、臨汾市、運城市布點區試,果實性狀穩定,品質優,可免套袋栽培,2025年通過山西省林業和草原局林木品種審定委員會審定,編號:晉S-SV-MP-017-2024,正式命名為望月冰翠(圖1)。

圖1中晚熟黃綠色蘋果新品種望月冰翠 Fig.1Anewmid-latematuringyellow-greenapple cultivarWangyuebingcui

2 主要性狀

2.1 果實經濟性狀

望月冰翠果實近圓形,平均單果質量 194.70g 最大單果質量達 222.97g 。橫徑 76.44mm ,縱徑69.52mm ,果形指數0.91。果實底色為黃綠色,陽面偶有少量黃暈,果面光潔;果點中密,較小,白色,中上部部分果點為黃棕色,圓形,稍凸起;有蠟質、果粉薄;果梗中長、中細、平均長度 2.56cm ,粗度 0.33cm 梗洼深度淺,中廣;萼洼中深,中廣;萼片宿存,閉合;果心小,心室狀態為閉合;果肉乳白色,肉質細,松脆,汁液多,甜酸適口,有香氣,無異味。可溶性固形物含量 Π(ωw ,后同) 15.60% ,可滴定酸含量 0.22% ,維生素C含量為 2.48log?100g-1 。果實9月中旬成熟,果實采收期帶皮硬度為 8.32kg?cm-2 ;不套袋果面光潔度為72.83,高于津輕和富士,且果實著色為綠色( a* 為-4.46),品質上等。果實耐貯藏,貯藏期間無病害發生。望月冰翠與母本及對照品種果實經濟性狀比較見表1。

2.2 抗逆性

2023年山西省受前期降雨多、6月高溫影響,8月份全省富士褐斑病發病嚴重,但在萬榮、臨猗、臨汾等地同一園中改接的望月冰翠蘋果葉片完好,并未受到侵染,表現出較強的抗褐斑病能力。經青島農業大學對炭疽葉枯病的檢測,其對炭疽葉枯病高抗。

表1望月冰翠與母本及對照品種果實經濟性狀比較Table1Comparative analysis offruit economic traits among Wangyuebingcui,its maternal parent and controlcultivar

2.3生物學特性

在晉中地區,望月冰翠蘋果每年3月20日左右花芽開始萌動,葉芽3月30日左右萌動,4月初花蕾現紅,4月7日始花,4月12日盛花,4月20日左右終花,9月中旬果實成熟,11月下旬落葉。望月冰翠1年生枝在晉中地區6月底之前及時拉枝都可成花,以中、短果枝結果為主,授粉樹可選擇嘎拉、富士。5年生望月冰翠枝類比例為長枝:中枝:短枝 =15:17:78 萌芽率高,成枝力中等;果臺枝連續結果能力強;無采前落果現象;通過調查試驗田矮砧密植栽培望月冰翠與對照品種金冠的產量,嫁接第3年均開始掛果,產量相近,第5年進入盛果期,望月冰翠單株平均產量26.93kg ,第6年單株產量穩定在 26.00kg( 表2),是一個豐產、穩產的品種。

2.4植物學特征

望月冰翠蘋果樹形為分枝形,樹姿開張,樹勢中庸,主枝基角大于 70° ,1年生枝條為紅褐色,皮孔少,白色,茸毛中多;新梢平均長 67cm ,粗 0.39cm 節間平均長 3.37cm;2~3 年生枝條灰綠色;皮孔較稀,棕色,微凸起;葉面平展微有波狀;葉片長橢圓形,葉尖銳尖,葉緣鈍鋸齒。葉片平均長 9.83cm ,寬5.0cm ,葉面積 31.56cm2 ;花冠直徑為 4.37cm ,花梗長度為 2.21cm 。幼果顏色綠中帶褐色。

表2晉中市太谷區望月冰翠和金冠產量調查

Yield investigationofWangyuebingcui andJinguancultivars inTaigu district,Jinzhong city

注:試驗田定植株行距為 1.5m×4.0m ,基砧為海棠,中間砧為SH40。 Note:The trial plotwas established with aplant spacingconfiguration of 1.5m×4.0m ,usingMalus micromalusas the rootstock and SH40 as the dwarfing interstem.

3 栽培技術要點

3.1栽植密度與授粉樹配置

望月冰翠砧木可以選擇山定子、八棱海棠為基砧,SH系為中間砧,也可選擇M9-T337、G935等自根砧。栽植密度以110~167株·666.7m-2 為宜,株行距喬化 2m×4m ,矮化 (1.0~1.5)m×4m 較好。可選丹霞、富士、嘎拉等品種作為授粉樹,按(7~8):1比例栽植。

3.2 整形修剪

望月冰翠宜選用細長紡錘形或高紡錘樹形。在整形過程中要注意培養中央領導干的絕對優勢,把小主枝粗度控制在著生部位中心干粗度的1/3以下。側枝利用刻、拉、拿、摘心等促花措施促進早成花。掛果后樹體春季修剪主要是疏枝,調整樹體結構,夏季修剪主要是拉枝、摘心、疏枝、控旺,最大程度地提高光照利用率。

3.3 病蟲害防治

望月冰翠抗逆性強,建議“預防為主,綜合防控”。休眠期清園,結合修剪清除病蟲殘體,降低越冬基數。萌芽前噴施石硫合劑消殺,重點防控銹病、葉螨和食心蟲。以農業防治為基礎,按物候期精準用藥,優先選用環保型藥劑。

3.4 適時采收

望月冰翠為黃綠色品種,成熟期較一致,無采前落果現象,套袋果可帶袋采收,注意在果實底色由綠轉黃時及時采收。

4推廣應用前景

望月冰翠蘋果具有果面光潔,色澤翠綠、風味甜酸適口,肉質細脆、汁液多、有香氣,品質佳,耐貯藏;抗性強、貨架期長等特點,超越同時期成熟的金冠,生產上應用前景廣闊。

參考文獻References:

[1]陳學森,王楠,張宗營,胡大剛,李媛媛,毛志泉.省力營養好吃 特色多樣化蘋果新品種培育取得重要進展[J].落葉果樹, 2025,57(1):1-4. CHEN Xuesen, WANG Nan, ZHANG Zongying,HU Dagang, LI Yuanyuan,MAO Zhiquan. Important progressin breeding new apple varieties with nutrition and good taste and diversified characteristics[J].Deciduous Fruits,2025,57(1):1-4.

[2]王金政,毛志泉,叢佩華,呂德國,馬鋒旺,任小林,束懷瑞,李保 華,郭玉蓉,郝玉金,姜遠茂,張新忠,楊欣,曹克強,趙政陽,韓 振海,霍學喜,魏欽平.新中國果樹科學研究70年:蘋果[J].果 樹學報,2019,36(10):1255-1263. WANG Jinzheng,MAO Zhiquan,CONG Peihua,LU Deguo, MA Fengwang,REN Xiaolin,SHU Huairui,LI Baohua, GUO Yurong,HAO Yujin,JIANG Yuanmao,ZHANG Xinzhong, YANGXin,CAOKeqiang,ZHAOZhengyang,HANZhenhai, HUO Xuexi,WEI Qinping.Fruit scientific research inNew China in the past 70 years:Apple[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2019, 36(10):1255-1263.

[3]馬鋒旺.中國蘋果產業發展的思考:現狀、問題與出路[J].落 葉果樹,2023,55(4):1-4. MA Fengwang. Reflections on the development of China’s apple industry: Current situation,problems and solutions[J]. Deciduous Fruits,2023,55(4):1-4.

[4] 王力榮,吳金龍.中國果樹種質資源研究與新品種選育70 年[J]. 園藝學報,2021,48(4):749-758. WANGLirong,WU Jinlong.Review for the research of fruit tree germplasm and breeding of new varieties in the past seven decades in China[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2021,48(4):749- 758.

[5]陳學森,王楠,張宗營,張淑輝,劉文軍,鄒琦,于蕾,張靜,姜遠 茂,胡大剛,李媛媛,毛志泉.富營養強風味輕簡化宜機化蘋 果育種研究進展[J/OL].園藝學報,2025:1-16.(2025-03-07). https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0042. CHEN Xuesen,WANG Nan, ZHANG Zongying,ZHANG Shuhui,LIU Wenjun,ZOU Qi,YU Lei, ZHANG Jing,JIANG Yuanmao,HUDagang,LI Yuanyuan,MAO Zhiquan.Research progress on apple breeding for high nutrient content,strong flavor, simplified cultivation and mechanization compatibility[J/OL]. ActaHorticulturae Sinica,2025:1-16.(2025-03-07). htps:/link. cnki.net/doi/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0042.

主站蜘蛛池模板: 一本视频精品中文字幕| 午夜欧美理论2019理论| jizz在线观看| 亚洲首页在线观看| 欧美日韩一区二区在线免费观看| 欧美精品色视频| 精品国产美女福到在线直播| 无码精品一区二区久久久| 日韩国产高清无码| 九色综合视频网| 亚洲最大看欧美片网站地址| 亚洲大学生视频在线播放| 欧美天堂在线| 亚洲欧美在线精品一区二区| 欧美日韩精品一区二区视频| 色综合天天视频在线观看| 不卡无码h在线观看| 欧美精品三级在线| 在线无码av一区二区三区| 嫩草在线视频| 国产微拍一区| 伊人久久精品亚洲午夜| 99热国产在线精品99| 综合色在线| 国产区免费精品视频| 亚洲精品爱草草视频在线| 国产精品99一区不卡| 国产亚洲精久久久久久久91| 91精品国产一区| 五月婷婷综合色| 伊人久久大香线蕉成人综合网| 五月婷婷导航| 国产白浆在线| 丁香婷婷久久| 一级毛片免费播放视频| 91视频青青草| 国产精品亚洲五月天高清| 婷婷久久综合九色综合88| 天堂岛国av无码免费无禁网站| 美女扒开下面流白浆在线试听 | 91网站国产| 国产美女主播一级成人毛片| 5388国产亚洲欧美在线观看| 日韩av无码精品专区| 91免费国产在线观看尤物| 日韩免费毛片视频| 精品国产成人高清在线| 久久久波多野结衣av一区二区| 国产无吗一区二区三区在线欢| 国产色伊人| 亚洲精品少妇熟女| 成人午夜天| 色偷偷av男人的天堂不卡| 四虎永久在线精品国产免费| 久久亚洲高清国产| 国产极品粉嫩小泬免费看| 国产福利免费视频| 国产日产欧美精品| 午夜a视频| 欧洲熟妇精品视频| 免费中文字幕一级毛片| 国产亚洲精品97在线观看| 国产精品.com| 在线观看无码a∨| 国产凹凸一区在线观看视频| 欧美国产精品不卡在线观看| 丁香五月激情图片| 中文字幕佐山爱一区二区免费| 2019年国产精品自拍不卡| 青青热久免费精品视频6| 久久免费观看视频| 秋霞午夜国产精品成人片| 91精品综合| 爽爽影院十八禁在线观看| 伊人大杳蕉中文无码| 婷婷激情亚洲| 精品视频一区在线观看| 亚洲成人一区二区| 久久婷婷六月| 老司机久久精品视频| 亚洲午夜综合网| 国产欧美又粗又猛又爽老|