應用“三相控”地震反演的礁灘斷溶復合型儲集體預測技術

關鍵詞：“三相控”地震反演，礁灘斷溶復合型儲集體，高能礁灘相，斷裂破碎相，巖溶縫洞相 中圖分類號：P631 文獻標識碼：A DOI：10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.20240377

Abstract： The carbonate reservoirs ofthe Middle-Lower Ordovician in the Gucheng area of the Tarim Basin are controlled by multiple factors such as high-energy reef-shoal facies，karsts，and faults. Fractured-vuggy reser voirs formed by the superposition of reef-shoal bodies，fracture fragmentation，and karst corrosion are developed.Therefore，it is dificult for traditional reservoir prediction methods such as singleseismic attribute analysis and conventional seismic inversion to efectively predict their spatial distribution characteristics，thus restricting oil exploration inthis area.Given thecharacteristicsthat thereservoirs arecontrolld bymultiple factors，a“three-facies control”seismic inversion technology that fully integrates the characteristics of“highenergy reef-shoal facies，fracture fragmentation facies，and karst fractured-vuggy facies”is proposed，thus greatly improving the reservoir prediction accuracy. Firstly，based on the wel-seismic characteristics，the seismic response characteristics of the“three-facies zone”are clarified.Secondly，the seismic facies volume attributes，the structure-oriented smoothing filter volume constrained by faults，the maximum likelihood attribute volume，and the background modeling highlight volume arerespectively employed to characterize the envelopes of the high-energy reef-shoal facies，fracture fragmentation facies，and karst fractured-vuggy facies. Finally， theenvelopes of the“three-facies zone”are integrated andcalibrated to build a“three-facies control\"constrained low-frequency trend model， with sparse spike inversion is caried out to predict the reef-beach faultkarst composite reservoirs. The inversion results show that the coincidence rate of reservoir prediction for the posteriori well GT1 reaches 87. 5% . This technology provides an effective technical means for the high-precision prediction of reef-shoal fault-karst composite reservoirs. Keywords：“three-faciescontrol\"，seismic inversion，reef-shoal fault-karst composite reservoir，high-energy reefshoal facies，fracture-fragmentation facies，karst fractured-vuggy facies

柴緒兵，覃素華，張輝，等，應用\"三相控\"地震反演的礁灘斷溶復合型儲集體預測技術——以古城地區為例[J].石油地球物理勘探，2025，60（4）：986-997.

CHAI Xubing，QIN Suhua，ZHANG Hui，et al.Prediction technology of ref-shoal fault-karst composite reser-voirs by\"thre-facies control\"seismic inversion： A case study of Gucheng area[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospect-ing，2025，60（4） ：986-997.

0 引言

塔里木盆地中下奧陶統蓬萊壩組一一間房組呈“西臺東盆”的沉積格局，輪南一古城地區位于塔西臺地東緣，臺內云化灘一臺地邊緣礁灘相發育，具備規模儲集體發育的基礎[1-3]。古城地區GC6、GC8和GC9井等于鷹山組臺內云化灘相鉆遇縫洞型儲集體，獲高產工業氣流，這說明古城地區具備規模成藏條件[4-8]，展現了中下奧陶統巨大的油氣勘探潛力[9-12]。然而，后續的GC11、GC12、GC13、GC14、GC15和GC16井等儲集體發育程度較差，僅見油氣顯示或獲低產工業氣流，導致該區油氣勘探工作陷入停滯。因此，能否精細、精準地預測規模優質儲集體，對古城地區油氣勘探至關重要。

針對礁灘型儲層，前人在四川、鄂爾多斯以及塔里木等海相克拉通盆地開展了一系列的探索和研究，逐漸形成了層序格架控制下的地震一沉積相分析技術[13]古地貌分析技術[14]縫洞空間雕刻技術及地震屬性分析技術[15-16]、相控波阻抗反演技術及分頻波阻抗反演技術[17等，實現了礁灘型儲層的預測及表征，并獲得了良好的效果。針對碳酸鹽巖斷控型儲集體，王來源等[18]、李相文等[19]和李海英等[20]在塔里木盆地順北地區應用地震幾何屬性增強技術、兩步相控反演技術進行了儲層預測；張明等21和張晟等[22]分別應用“斷裂破碎帶相\"約束迭代反演技術和梯度結構張量屬性分析技術在富滿地區實現了臺內斷控儲集體的精準預測，促進了富滿、順北超深層碳酸鹽巖“斷溶體\"油氣藏的勘探與開發。……