甘肅省多序巖黃芪孢囊線蟲病病原鑒定

摘要

為明確甘肅省隴南市特色中藥材多序巖黃芪Hedysarum polybotrys孢囊線蟲病的病原種類，通過(guò)形態(tài)學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行鑒定，采用室內(nèi)人工接種的方法觀察其生活史并測(cè)定對(duì)多序巖黃芪的致病性。結(jié)果表明，該線蟲的孢囊闊檸檬形，雙半膜孔，下橋發(fā)達(dá)，群體形態(tài)測(cè)量值與大豆孢囊線蟲Heterodera glycines基本一致;該種群rDNAITS序列與NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的大豆孢囊線蟲相似性為99.8%，與序列號(hào)為HM560787的大豆孢囊線蟲聚在一起，置信度為99%。28SrDNA D2/D3序列與NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的大豆孢囊線蟲相似性為100.00%，與序列號(hào)為GU595446的大豆孢囊線蟲聚在一起，置信度為100%。因此，形態(tài)學(xué)特征結(jié)合rDNAITS和28SrDNA D2/D3序列，將多序巖黃芪孢囊線蟲病病原鑒定為大豆孢囊線蟲。接種該線蟲后的多序巖黃芪植株發(fā)育不良，瘦弱矮小;25℃下，接種24 d根部開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)白雌蟲，并在30 d產(chǎn)生大量白雌蟲，該世代基本完成，33 d后形成孢囊。綜上所述，甘肅省隴南市寄生多序巖黃芪的孢囊線蟲種類為大豆孢囊線蟲，該線蟲可侵染多序巖黃芪并完成生活史，對(duì)隴南市優(yōu)勢(shì)特色中藥材多序巖黃芪的生產(chǎn)構(gòu)成威脅。

關(guān)鍵詞

甘肅; 多序巖黃芪; 大豆孢囊線蟲; rDNAITS; 28S rDNA D2/D3

中圖分類號(hào)：

S 435.672

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2024491

Identification of the cyst nematode pathogen on Hedysarum polybotrys

in Gansu province

XING Xiaofang1， HU Jihui1， ZHOU Chen1， LUO Ning1， LIU Bianbian1， GUO Wei1，LIU Yonggang2， LI Huixia1*

（1. College of Plant Protection， Gansu Agricultural University， Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for

Biocontrol of Crop Diseases and Pests， Lanzhou 730070， China; 2. Institute of Plant Protection，

Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730070， China）

Abstract

To identify the cyst nematode species infecting the medicinal plant Hedysarum polybotrys in Longnan city， Gansu province， a combined morphological and molecular approach was employed. The nematode’s life cycle and pathogenicity on H.polybotrys were evaluated through artificial inoculation under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the cysts were broad lemonshaped with ambifenestrate fenestrae and welldeveloped underbridges. The morphological measurements were basically consistent with those of Heterodera glycines. The rDNAITS sequence of the population shared 99.8% identity with H.glycines in the NCBI database and clustered with accession HM560787 （bootstrap： 99%）. The 28S rDNA D2/D3 region showed 100% identity with H.glycines （GU595446， bootstrap： 100%）. Thus， based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence （ITS and D2/D3 sequences）， the nematode was identified as H.glycines. Infected H.polybotrys plants exhibited stunted and weakened growth. At 25℃， white females first appeared on the roots 24 days postinoculation， with numerous white females observed at 30 days， indicating completion of one generation. Cysts formed 33 days postinoculation. These findings confirm that H.glycines is capable of infecting H.polybotrys and completing its life cycle， posing a potential threat to the production of this valuable medicinal crop in Longnan city.

Key words

Gansu; Hedysarum polybotrys; Heterodera glycines; rDNAITS; 28S rDNA D2/D3

紅芪 Hedysari Radix為豆科Leguminosae多年生草本植物多序巖黃芪Hedysarum polybotrys的干燥根，作為道地藥材，主要分布于甘肅省六盤山、隴南山地和川西北地區(qū)，形成了以武都、宕昌為中心產(chǎn)區(qū)，向四周不斷擴(kuò)散引種的栽培趨勢(shì)。紅芪具有補(bǔ)氣升陽(yáng)、利尿止汗、消腫排膿斂瘡的功效。由于紅芪還具有較好的降血糖和免疫調(diào)節(jié)的作用，使用量及市場(chǎng)需求量較大，具有很高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值［1］?！?br>