小型施肥機施肥檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗

中圖分類號：S224.2 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：2095-5553（2025）07-0206-05

Abstract：Toaddresstheissueofonlinefertilizationmeasurementinsmallfertilizationmachines，adetectionsystembased onacapacitive sensor was designed.This systemis centered around the STM32Fl03C8T6 microcontroler and comprises a capacitive plate，an FDC2214 capacitive sensor chip，andother hardware circuits. Itcaptures the changeincapacitancebetweenparalelplatescausedbythefallingoffertilizer，convertingthecapacitivesignalintoadigital oneforprocessingand storageby the microcontroler.Themeasured capacitance values，correlated withthe mass of the fertilizer，aredisplayed onan OLED screen，and datacanbetransferred toacomputer viaserialcommunication.Atesting platformforthefertilizerdistributionsystemofanexternal troughwhel-typefertilizeraplicatorwasconstructed， establishingamathematical modelrelating the massflowrateofcompound fertilizertochanges incapacitance.This model was experimentallyvalidated undervarious working conditions.Theresults demonstratedalinearcorrelationcoeficientof 0.989 between thechangeincapacitanceandthemassoffertilizer between theplates，indicatingasignificantfit.Although temperature variations could increase the error margin of the detection system，the overallrelative measurement error for fertilization quantity did not exceed 8.07% ，meeting both design and practical production requirements.

Keywords：ailfertilsseot；apiaceas；rotlss；fer

0 引言

施肥是進行農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)過程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，對農(nóng)作物的生長培育起到至關(guān)重要的作用。在進行田間施肥作業(yè)時，由于肥料潮濕黏稠、排肥管堵塞等問題造成化肥沒有得到均勻施用，而化肥的不均勻施用不僅會導(dǎo)致作物生長不均勻，影響作物產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量，還會造成環(huán)境污染且投人成本高[1]。因此，研究化肥實時檢測對解決土地生產(chǎn)問題和精準變量施肥技術(shù)有重要意義。

目前應(yīng)用在固體顆粒肥料流量的檢測方法主要有質(zhì)量法、光電法、微波法等[2-4]。質(zhì)量法是使用壓力傳感器測量排肥器在排出化肥前后的質(zhì)量差[5]。丁永前等[設(shè)計一種利用彈簧壓力與拉力傳感器互補特性原理的稱量式播量檢測裝置，減弱了動態(tài)稱量法測量系統(tǒng)容易被機器振動干擾影響的問題；Yang等[3基于力矩平衡原理，設(shè)計一種施肥量在線檢測裝置，當(dāng)肥料的重力大于電磁吸盤吸力時開始排肥，計量脈沖信號開始累積，根據(jù)單次計量的肥料質(zhì)量和計量脈沖信號的數(shù)量計算施肥量，雖然該檢測方法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，但通常與排肥器捆定，對質(zhì)量輕的小機器檢測精度較差。光電法的原理是通過肥料對光線的遮擋，檢測光線發(fā)射端與接收端的電壓信號差異得出肥料質(zhì)量。趙立新等[8]使用發(fā)射式光電傳感器設(shè)計一種小麥精播施肥一體機監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，檢測種子和肥料缺失、堵塞、泄漏等問題并報警警示，試驗結(jié)果顯示，報警準確率大于92.5% ，報警響應(yīng)時間低于 0.3s 。……