基于激光雷達的川西高原山區(qū)運營高速公路地質(zhì)災(zāi)害判識研究

摘" 要：針對川西高原山區(qū)高速公路運營期的地質(zhì)安全風險，創(chuàng)新性地構(gòu)建了無人機機載激光雷達（Light Detection and Ranging，LiDAR）全流程遙感解析技術(shù)體系，結(jié)合典型災(zāi)害案例，驗證其工程適用性。研究采用KWT-X6L-15無人機搭載多頻段LiDAR系統(tǒng)，通過點云數(shù)據(jù)采集、多維特征提取與地形建模，實現(xiàn)復雜植被覆蓋區(qū)隱蔽性災(zāi)害的精準識別。實測數(shù)據(jù)表明：在某3 km試驗段內(nèi)，系統(tǒng)成功辨識出10處滑坡體、6處危巖帶、3條泥石流溝與3處不穩(wěn)定斜坡，并且繪制了災(zāi)害空間分布熱力圖。以鐵邑牽引式滑坡和磨子溝泥石流為例，通過三維形變場反演與水文動力學參數(shù)耦合分析，揭示了災(zāi)害鏈式演化規(guī)律，為高風險區(qū)工程防護設(shè)計提供了數(shù)據(jù)支撐。

關(guān)鍵詞：地質(zhì)災(zāi)害 激光點云 數(shù)字地形模型 川西高原 公路安全

Research on Geological Hazard Identification of OperatingAnalysis of Highway Damage Caused by Torrential Rain and Mudslide in Western Sichuan Plateau Mountainous Areas Based on Lidar

MEI Benqiang¹ "SONG Yang^2* ""RAN Xiaosong¹ ZHANG Le^2"" HE Yunyong²

（1. Ya 'an Transportation Construction Group Co.， Ltd.， Ya 'an， Sichuan Province， 625000 China;；

2. Sichuan Provincial Highway Planning， Survey， Design and Research Institute Co.， Ltd， Chengdu， Sichuan Province， 610041 China）

Abstract： In response to the geological safety risks during the operation period of highways in the western Sichuan Plateau mountainous areas， an innovative unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） airborne LiDAR （Light Detection and Ranging， LiDAR） full process remote sensing analysis technology system has been constructed， and its engineering applicability has been verified through typical disaster cases. The research uses the KWT-X6L-15 drone equipped with a multi band LiDAR system to achieve accurate identification of hidden disasters in complex vegetation coverage areas through point cloud data collection， multi-dimensional feature extraction， and terrain modeling. The measured data shows that within a 3 km test section， the system successfully identified 10 landslide bodies， 6 dangerous rock zones， 3 debris flow gullies， andTo Aiming at the safety problem of expressway operation in the mountainous area of western Sichuan Plateau， laser radar technology is used for remote sensing interpretation， and its technical process is summarized and practical cases are explained. The results show that the laser point cloud data acquisition is carried out by using the UAV platform equipped with the airborne laser radar measurement system with the laser radar as the technical means， and the data processing is carried out according to the process of preprocessing， denoising filtering classification and digital elevation model construction， which can effectively interpret the geological disasters of the highway in the mountainous area of the western Sichuan Plateau and provide support for the safety of the high-speed operation. Taking a 3 km section of an expressway as an example， 10 landslides， 6 collapses， 3 debris flows， 3 unstable slopes， and drew a thermal map of the spatial distribution of disastersaccumulations were interpreted by lidar， forming a disaster distribution map. Taking the Tieyi traction landslide and Mozigou debris flow as examples， the coupling analysis of three-dimensional deformation field inversion and hydrodynamic parameters reveals the chain evolution law of disasters， providing data support for engineering protection design in high-risk areasthe translation results are expressed.

Key Wwords： Geological disaster Western Sichuan Plateau; Laser point cloudExpress way; Digital terrain modelLight detection and ranging; Western Sichuan plateau; Highway safetyRemote sensing interpretation川西高原山區(qū)公路（如G317、G318）因地質(zhì)災(zāi)害年均中斷交通超30次，直接經(jīng)濟損失達1.2億元，例如：2019年G317線理縣段滑坡導致路基垮塌80 m，修復費用超2 000萬元。地質(zhì)災(zāi)害還通過“鏈式效應(yīng)”誘發(fā)次生災(zāi)害，例如：泥石流堵塞河道，引發(fā)洪水沖毀橋梁。

現(xiàn)有技術(shù)中，地面勘測法（如地質(zhì)雷達、鉆孔勘探）精度高，但效率低，適用于局部重點區(qū)域；空天遙感法（如光學衛(wèi)星、合成孔徑干涉雷達（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar，InSAR））可以大范圍監(jiān)測形變，但受云霧遮擋且植被穿透能力弱；無人機傾斜攝影分辨率達厘米級，但數(shù)據(jù)處理復雜且依賴光照條件^[1-3]。然而，激光雷達（Light Detection and Ranging，LiDAR）通過發(fā)射近紅外激光（波長905～1 550 nm），可以穿透植被冠層，生成亞米級數(shù)字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model，DEM），其垂向精度達±15 cm^[4]。在川西高原茂密植被覆蓋區(qū)，LiDAR成功識別出12處光學遙感遺漏的潛在滑坡^[5-6]。……