氮肥減量配施有機肥對庫爾勒香梨園土壤細菌群落結構的影響

中圖分類號：S152.7 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1008-0864（2025）07-0217-12

Influence of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure in KorlaPearOrchards

ZHANG Xiyu1，SHEN Xing12，LI Wei1，XIE Wengel，LI Jie1， YANG Changhao’， CHAI Zhongping1，2* （1.CollgeofRsousdEvioent，XjnAlturalUiversity，UuOna；.XinglandPlantolcal Processes Laboratory，CollgeofResourcesandEnvironment，XinjiangAgricultural University，Urumqi83o52，Chia）

Abstract：Inordertoexplore theeffctsof nitrogenreductioncombinedwithorganic fertilizeronsoil bacterial communitystructureand diversityinKorla fragrant pearorchard （Oto 20cm ），conventional fertilization treatment was used as the control （CK），and 3 nitrogen reduction gradients of 10% （N1）， 20% （N2）and 30% （N3）and 2 organic fertilizer gradients were set，that is，sheep manure 22 5OO（F1）and 33750kg^*hm^-2 （F2）were applied， respectively，toformacombinationofnitrogenreductionandorganicfertilizertesttreatment.High-throughput sequencing technology was used todetermine soil bacterial community structure compositionand community diversity，and toanalyzeitscorrelationwith soilphysicaland chemical properties.Theresultsshowed that the dominantphylaofsoilbacteriawereActinobacteria，Proteobacteria，Firmicutes，Gemmatimonadetes，Chloroflexi， Acidobacteriaand Bacteroidetes.Thedominant bacterial genera were Bacilus，Kocuria，Halomonas，Subgroup_6， S0134_terrestrial_group，Arthrobacterand Kineosporia.N1F2treatment couldincreasetherelativeabundanceof Bacteroidetes，N1F2and N2F2 treatments could promote the relativeabundanceof Kocuria，and N2F2 treatment could promote the relative abundance of Arthrobacter.The N3F2 treatment notably increased the α -diversity of the bacterial community.Nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer significantlypromoted soil organic matter， total nitrogen，alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus andavailable potassium，andsignificantlyinhbited pHand electrical conductivity.Keyenvironmentalfactors afecting soil microbialcommunitystructure included total nitrogen，soil organic matter，alkali-hydrolysisnitrogen，available potassium，available phosphorus，electrical conductivityandpH.To promote the improvementof soil qualityandthestabilityof soil ecosystemdiversity，it was recommendedtoapply240＼～270kg·hm2nitrogenfertilizerand33750kg·hm2organicfertilizerfor10＼～12years old Korla fragrant pear.

KeyWords：Korlafragrantpear；nitrogen fertilizerreduction；organicfertilizer;bacterialcommunity；soilnutrients

細菌在土壤微生物中豐度最高，是衡量土壤健康程度和土壤環境條件的標志之一，細菌的數量、多樣性以及群落結構組成特征的變化等均會影響土壤肥力和可持續生產力，因此，維持高水平的細菌群落多樣性對農業可持續發展至關重要。氮肥在保持土壤肥力、提高作物產量、改善作物品質等方面發揮著重要作用，但是長期過量施用化肥會引起土壤酸化板結、供肥能力下降等問題2]。施用有機肥有利于提高土壤細菌數量和多樣性。有機肥施入對土壤中細菌與真菌的生物量比例有促進作用，其比值影響土壤生態系統的健康性和穩定性[3]。化肥配施有機肥對土壤團聚體的形成、土壤理化特性、土壤微生物群落結構以及作物對養分的吸收均有促進作用4。因此，通過施肥調控土壤微生物群落結構可有效改善農田土壤肥力狀況。馬宜林等研究表明，氮肥配施40% 和 60% 羊糞最適宜煙株的生長發育。趙力光等研究表明，化肥減量配施生物有機肥可改善土壤微生物群落結構及多樣性指數?？傮w而言，施用有機肥能夠促進有益微生物的生長發育，改善土壤微生物群落結構。

庫爾勒香梨（PyrusbrestschneideriRehd.）作為新疆特色果樹品種，種植面積不斷擴大。在生產過程中，因氮肥施用過量和不平衡等，使肥料利用效率降低，導致果品產量不穩定等多種問題。過量施用氮肥對土壤微生物生長、組成和功能產生負面影響，導致土壤微生物多樣性下降、土壤肥力退化等風險8，嚴重制約了庫爾勒香梨產業的可持續發展?！?br>