中圖分類號:TQ171.75 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號:1001-5922(2025)07-0117-04
Abstract:The filtration device used in the conventional laboratory suspended solids detection is a glassclamp filter, which has many problems such as lowdegre of automationand insuficient integration,and has manyproblems such as time-consuming and laborious operation,low filtration eficiencyand inconvenientfield transportation.Aseawater suspended solids vacuum filtration device was designed and developed,which took the STM32 processor asthe controlcore,and was integratedon the basis ofthe designof the liquidcollectionbottle,the safetybotleandthecleaning device,so as to realize the automatic filtration,automatic drainage or recoveryand automatic cleaning of water samples.Thetest verificationresults showed thatthe devicehadthecharacteristics of high integration,friendlymanmachine interfaceand more convenient operation,which significantly improves the filtration eficiency,providesa more convenient and practical methodfor the filtration of seawater suspended solids,is conducive to improving the technical level of marine environmental monitoring in China,and plays apositive role in promoting the intellgent monitoring of marine environment in China.
Key words : seawater suspended matter; vacuum filtration ; the system design
懸浮物(SS)是指水體中各種不同分散度的懸浮顆粒物質(zhì),其粒徑變化范圍較大,既有小于 i0.2μm 的顆粒狀膠體,也有毫米級的浮游植物、魚卵、浮游動(dòng)物、糞便顆粒和海洋雪花等[1]。海洋中懸浮顆粒物(SPC)(包括浮游微生物和懸浮泥沙等)是沉積物的主要來源,而沉積物是許多痕量元素由表層水向底層水輸送的主要載體,在元素輸送、循環(huán)和去除中充當(dāng)著重要角色,是元素的一種賦存形態(tài)[2]。認(rèn)識海洋懸浮顆粒物的含量高低、主要成分及分布特征,對于探討懸浮顆粒動(dòng)力學(xué)過程、海洋環(huán)境控制因素以及海洋污染物的來源等具有重要的意義[3]
國內(nèi)外測定海水中懸浮物的方法有很多,主要分為間接法和直接法兩類。間接法通常采用遙感、光譜傳感器等對水體進(jìn)行監(jiān)測獲取光學(xué)、電學(xué)等信號進(jìn)而反演推算出懸浮物濃度。直接法是指《海洋監(jiān)測規(guī)范》(GB17378.4—2007)中規(guī)定的重量法,該方法作為一種傳統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室方法是常規(guī)海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測懸浮物這一業(yè)務(wù)的主要方法,方法規(guī)定海水樣品從現(xiàn)場取回,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室用玻璃鉗式過濾器對其進(jìn)行過濾,所得濾膜稱重,計(jì)算懸浮物濃度。這種方法是一種精確的定量方法,裝置主要為玻璃材質(zhì),安裝、移動(dòng)、拆卸不方便,易破碎,連接不可靠且密封性不好等,過濾后過瓶內(nèi)液體不方便取出水樣等原因,導(dǎo)致處理步驟比較繁瑣,過濾效率較低,工作量較大,各配件比較零散,集成化程度不高,不方便外業(yè)攜帶使用等問題。……