稱重式降水傳感器現場測試軟件設計

關鍵詞：稱重式降水傳感器；現場校準；氣象裝備維護

中圖分類號：P412.1 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1003-5168（2025）11-0012-04

DOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2025.11.003

Design of On-Site Testing Software for Weighing Precipitation Sensors

WANG Tanshuai YU Chuanyang SONG Bo （Liaocheng Meteorological Bureau，Liaocheng 252OoO， China）

Abstract：[Purposes] In order to improve the detection eficiency of the weighing precipitation sensor，a test software was developed in this study.This software is used to support business personnel in conducting on-site testing work using standard weights.[Methods] The system was developed based on the hybrid programming architecture of C# and Python.The C# serialPort component was utilized for sensor data acquisition and device control， while the Python openpyxl library was employed to creat an automated test certificate generation module，forming a comprehensive on-site testing solution.[Findings] Field testing and validation at multiple national meteorological stations in Liaocheng City confirmed that all functional indicators ofthe system meet on-site testing requirements，with a data communication success rate of 100% .[Conclusions] The system is compatible with the on-site testing requirements of the weighing precipitation sensors of the DSC1 and DSC2 series，and has the functions of sensor debugging and fault diagnosis.Practical applications demonstrate that this solution significantly has significantly improved the quality control level of meteorological observation operations，technical support efficiency， and equipment maintenance effectiveness，providing effctive technical support for the construction of an intelligent meteorological equipment maintenance system.

Keywords： weighing precipitation sensor; on-site calibration; meteorological equipment maintenance

0 引言

稱重式降水傳感器是一種適用于固態、液態及混合態降水測量的全自動觀測儀器，可實現降水總量與強度的全天候監測，尤其在冬季降雪觀測中有效提升了數據精度與時效性。市氣象局目前共有1個國家基準氣候站、7個國家基本氣象站及124個區域自動氣象站。其中，國家基準氣候站和國家基本氣象站均配備了稱重式降水傳感器，而區域自動氣象站中也有5個臺站配置了稱重式降水傳感器。上述臺站的稱重式降水傳感器型號均為DSC1型或DSC2型，市國家級臺站實現降水全天候自動觀測。DSC1和DSC2型傳感器既可獨立運行，亦可作為核心組件接人自動氣象站系統。然而，傳感器長期暴露于復雜氣象環境中，機械磨損、電子元件老化、傳感器污染等問題可能導致測量值漂移。根據《地面氣象自動觀測規范（第一版）》要求，須每年進行一次現場校準以確保觀測數據的準確性與可靠性[2]。匡昌武等[3設計了具有校準功能的能見度儀現場校準系統軟件，并利用系統對海南省多個臺站的能見度儀進行現場校準。同時，該軟件也可用于設備故障檢測；魏邦憲等4以DSC3型稱重式降水傳感器為例，依據其結構及工作原理，向收集容器注入不同水位，控制流量模擬不同雨強，從而對稱重式降水傳感器進行現場校準；陳國強等5提出了采用質量塊稱重對稱重式降水傳感器進行校準的方法，并對該方法進行了現場測試及校準結論的檢驗。……