關鍵詞】經皮穿刺球囊壓迫術;三叉神經痛;疼痛延遲性消失;影響因素 【中圖分類號】 R651; R745.1+1 【文獻標志碼】A 【文章編號】 1672-7770(2025)03-0253-06
Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with delayed pain relief after percutaneous balloon compression(PBC) for trigeminal neuralgia(TN).MethodsTwo hundred and sixty-seven patients with TN who underwent PBC surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery,at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Hospital from January1,2018 to December 31,2O21 were selected as the research objects,among whom 76 patients experienced delayed pain relief after the procedure. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the correlation between various factors and the occurrence of delayed pain relief. Results Among the 267 patients, 95.13% experienced effective pain relief after the procedure, and 28.46% haddelayed painrelief.Analysis identified six independent risk factors for delayed painrelief,includingTNdurationexceedingeightyears,historyofradiofrequency thermocoagulation,diabetes mellitus,history of herpes zoster infection,pain involving the V2 branch of the trigeminal nerve,non-pear-shaped balloon during the operation. ConclusionsDelayed pain relief after PBC is a common phenomenon and is influenced by six risk factors.For patients with these risk factors, effectivepreoperativecommunication,intraoperativeadjustment, and postoperative intervention can help prevent delayed pain relief.
Key words: percutaneous balloon compression; trigeminal neuralgia; delayed pain relief;ifluencing factor
三叉神經痛(trigeminalneuralgia,TN)是指三叉神經支配區出現陣發性或反復發作的劇痛,主要有藥物治療與手術治療兩種手段。其中經皮穿刺球囊壓迫術(percutaneous balloon compression,PBC)是治療TN的常見手術方法之一,由Mullan等在1983年首先提出[1]。PBC適用于口服藥物無效、多支疼痛的患者,尤其適合一些合并較多基礎疾病或因無法耐受全身麻醉進行微血管減壓術(microvasculardecompression,MVD)治療的高齡患者。PBC可作為該類型患者外科治療的首選方案。PBC有著手術時間短、風險低、微創、見效快等優勢。然而,在臨床診療過程中發現部分患者在PBC手術治療結束后,TN并不會立刻緩解或消失。在臨床上,把這種手術后疼痛沒有立即消失,而是在術后觀察恢復期間(幾天或幾周內)逐漸減輕并緩慢消失的現象稱為“疼痛延遲性消失”[2]。當球囊充盈壓迫三叉神經節
后,神經纖維受到機械壓迫性損傷,導致神經細胞膜電位發生改變,并影響離子通道的功能[3],PBC壓迫后機體產生應激和炎癥反應,細胞因子白細胞介素(interleukin,IL)-2、IL-4、IL-10、腫瘤壞死因子及神經細胞釋放的神經遞質(5-HT)等在微環境中持續作用,這些有可能是疼痛延遲消失的分子機制[4]。Shi等[5]報道了MVD術后有25.4% 的患者出現疼痛延遲性消失的情況,但目前沒有PBC術后疼痛延遲性消失的相關因素的分析與研究。本研究回顧性分析2018年1月1日—2021年12月31日在山東大學齊魯醫院和山東省立醫院神經外科施行PBC手術治療的267例TN患者,將TN患者的發病時程、合并的基礎疾病、既往TN手術史、球囊形狀、球囊內壓等相關因素納入研究,分析探究PBC后疼痛延遲性消失的相關危險因素。……