Abstract:Thepeak frequency ofelectroencephalography(EEG)isamethod for inferring thalamocortical functional integrity basedon EEG dynamics.The ABCDmodel derived from this frequencycanindirectlyreflect patient'sconsciousness state,aiding in clinical asssment and prognosis prediction.Thisreview discusses the theoretical basis,application progress,and future challengesand directionsof EEGpeak frequency inthediagnosis and treatment of patientswith disorders of consciousness(DoC).TheEEG peak frequency refers the strongest frequencypoint withina specific frequency band intheEEG signal,which reflects thecharacteristicsofcortical neural activity.Based on thespectral peaks inthe EEG power spectrum,itisclassified in ABCD four distinct models according the presence or absence of spontaneous neural oscilations,enabling more accurate clinical staging of patients with prolonged disorder of consciousness(pDoC)and aiding in prognosis evaluation and treatment guidance.Despitechallngessuch as limitedunderstanding of theunderlying mechanisms and the lack of definitive clinical evidence,EEG peak frequency has demonstrated significant potential inthe diagnosis and treatmenf pDo.
Key words:peak frequency of electroencephalography;prolonged disorder of consciousness;assessment; invasiveneuromodulation
腦電峰頻率是腦電圖信號中特定頻段內最強的頻率點,反映了大腦皮層神經活動的自發性、節律性特點[1]。其通過研究腦電圖中 α,β,Θ 及0等特定頻段的活動峰值,在此基礎上進行分型,以此來判斷大腦所處的興奮或抑制性神經生理狀態。通過對不同頻段腦電波的分析,尤其是峰頻率的變化,能夠為臨床提供有關患者意識水平、神經功能及康復潛力的重要信息。腦電峰頻率目前已廣泛應用于意識障礙、認知障礙、精神障礙等疾病[2-5]的評估與預后判斷,逐步獲得了國內外學者的認可。不同的腦電峰頻率分型代表著不同的神經生理狀態,在臨床上,尤其是在慢性意識障礙(prolongeddisorderofconsciousness,pDoC)患者中,腦電頻率的變化能夠反映大腦的功能狀態、意識水平及恢復潛力[6]。
pDoC是一種嚴重并持久的神經病理狀態,患者由于廣泛的大腦損傷而喪失自主意識,無法與外界進行交流或響應外界刺激[7-8]。常見的慢性意識障礙狀態包括昏迷、植物狀態(vegetativestate,VS)與微小意識狀態(minimallyconsciousstate,MCS)等[9-10]。對于此類患者,臨床上通常依賴臨床神經評估[1],如格拉斯哥昏迷指數(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)、修訂的昏迷恢復量表(comarecoveryscale-revised,CRS-R)等和影像學檢查[12](如功能性磁共振成像等)進行診斷,但這些手段往往局限于粗略評估[13],且無法提供關于患者意識恢復潛力的精確預判,容易導致誤判并影響患者的診療,對患者家庭及社會造成了極大的負擔。因此,目前迫切地需要一種無創性的、精準的檢測方法,為pDoC患者提供有效的預后判斷及后續治療方案。
腦……