【中圖分類號】 R739.41 【文獻標志碼】 A 【文章編號】 1672-7770(2025)03-0330-05
Abstract:Glioblastoma(GBM)isone of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies within thecentral nervous system,with therapeuticeffcacyoften limited bythedevelopmentofresistance.Temozolomide(TMZ)isthe cornerstonechemotherapeuticagentin the standard treatment regimen for GBM.However,the emergenceof TMZ resistance significantlyimpactspatient survival outcomes.Inrecent years,Pentraxin 3(PTX3),akeyregulatory factorwithinthe tumormicroenvironment(TME),has garneredwidespreadatentionforitsrole inthedevelopmentof resistance in GBM.PTX3not only promotes tumor survival and invasion by modulating immunecell polarization, redox balance,and the inhibitionof autophagy withinthe TME,butalso enhancetheresistanceof tumor cells to TMZ through interactions with multiple cellarsignaling pathways.This review discusss thespecificroleof PTX3 in the mechanisms of GBMresistance and explores its potential asa therapeutic target,aiming to provide new strategies and insights for overcoming GBM resistance.
Key words:glioblastoma;Pentraxin 3;tumor microenvironment;resistance mechanisms;redox balance; :egulation of autophagy inhibition
膠質瘤是中樞神經系統中最具侵襲性和致命性的惡性腫瘤之一,起源于腦或脊髓中的膠質細胞。根據2021年第五版世界衛生組織(WorldHealthOrganization,WHO)中樞神經系統(centralnervoussystem,CNS)腫瘤分類,膠質瘤的診斷需整合組織病理學特征與分子標志物。異檸檬酸脫氫酶(isocitratedehydrogenase,IDH)野生型膠質母細胞瘤(glioblastoma,GBM)被定義為WHOV級腫瘤,而IDH突變型高級別星形細胞瘤則歸類為星形細胞瘤,IDH突變型,WHOIV級,其生物學行為和治療反應與GBM存在顯著差異[1]。盡管目前膠質瘤的治療主要依賴于手術切除、放射治療和化學治療的綜合方案,但由于膠質瘤的高度異質性、強浸潤性和耐藥性,這些治療方法的效果仍然有限[2]。替莫唑胺(temozolomide,TMZ)是一種常用的口服烷化劑,已成為膠質瘤標準治療方案中的核心部分[3]。TMZ通過在DNA的 06 -位鳥嘌呤上引入甲基基團,導致DNA鏈斷裂,從而誘導腫瘤細胞凋亡,抑制膠質瘤的發展[4-5]。然而,盡管TMZ在治療初期能夠顯著減少腫瘤體積并改善患者的生活質量,其長期療效卻受到耐藥性的限制。這種耐藥性不僅導致腫瘤復發,還顯著縮短了患者的生存期,降低了總體治療效果。
TMZ耐藥性的重要機制之一是腫瘤細胞內 06 -甲基鳥嘌呤-DNA甲基轉移酶( 06 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase,MGMT)的高表達。MGMT是一種能夠修復TMZ引起的DNA損傷的酶,通過去除由TMZ引入的甲基化損傷來修復DNA鏈,從而使腫瘤細胞能夠抵抗TMZ的殺傷作用。MGMT的表達水平直接影響腫瘤細胞對TMZ的敏感性,高表達MGMT的腫瘤細胞通常表現出強耐藥性,而MGMT低表達或其啟動子區域甲基化沉默的腫瘤細胞則對TMZ更為敏感[6]……p>