中圖分類號]H059 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼]A[文獻(xiàn)編號]1002-2643(2025)02-0122-11
A Study of the Translation Behaviors in the Retranslation of Children's Literature Classics: Taking Treasure Island as an Example
JIANG Shuqin
Abstract:The retranslation of literary classics is highly prevalent in the field of children's literature, with translators’strategies and the resulting translation effects closely linked to social factors of their respective historical contexts. Applying the three-in-one evaluative model of “text-behavior-society\" to examine century-long retranslations of Treasure Island in China reveals the folowing patterns: During the Late Qing Dynasty, initial translations adopted highly pragmatic free translation methods to disseminate new ideas and transform the populace; In the Republican Era, the emergence of “childcentered” orientation positioned Treasure Island as children's literature, achieving relative balance between truth-seeking and utilty-attaining in its translation. After the initiation of Reform and Openingup, foreign literature regained prominence, producing complete translations and adapted versions for diverse readerships, thus cementing the work's canonical status. Since the turn of the 21st century, influenced by the new curiculum reform policies for primary and secondary schools and market-driven operations, a large number of new translations have been produced, though they often lack refinement. Retranslation of children's literature classics should simultaneously consider both intratranslational and extra-translational circumstances, adopt appropriate translation strategies, and produce high-quality translations that meet contemporary readers' needs.
Key words: Translator Behavior Criticism; Three-in-one evaluative model of “text-behavior-society” ; Treasure Island; retranslation of classics; children' s literature
1.引言
《金銀島》(TreasureIsland)是英國作家羅伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森(RobertLouisStevenson)的代表作,在英語世界影響極大,可謂家喻戶曉,在我國也很受歡迎,著名文學(xué)評論家王國維稱其為斯蒂文森“得名之第一著作,青年之讀物恐無出其右者”(2020:205)。自1904年首次被譯為漢語以來,迄今已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了一百多個(gè)譯本,近十年來更是每年都有新譯本、編譯本、重印本等。這也是兒童文學(xué)翻譯中的一個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》至少有179個(gè)譯本(徐德榮、江建利,2012:100),《魯濱遜漂流記》有146個(gè)譯本(Liamp;Yao,2015:21),如此頻繁的復(fù)譯現(xiàn)象值得關(guān)注。復(fù)譯通常指同一原著的不同譯本,后出版者為重譯(方夢之,2011:133)。復(fù)譯行為是“不斷滿足社會需求并被社會選擇的具體表現(xiàn)”(周領(lǐng)順,2014:235)。目前學(xué)界對兒童文學(xué)復(fù)譯的研究大都是語言維度的譯本差異比較,對翻譯行為的主體譯者的關(guān)注不夠。而翻譯是一種跨文化的信息傳遞和交際活動,人是翻譯活動的主體。“作為創(chuàng)作主體的作者的時(shí)代背景、學(xué)術(shù)背景、個(gè)人修養(yǎng)等因素必定會影響創(chuàng)作。而作為再創(chuàng)作者的譯者的自身因素也必定影響其知識再生產(chǎn)”(周領(lǐng)順等,2024:79)。譯者的翻譯行為一方面受到翻譯內(nèi)原文的制約,一方面受到翻譯外各種社會因素的影響,對不同時(shí)期不同譯本的考查需要以譯者為中心,綜合考慮翻譯內(nèi)外的因素。
譯者行為批評理論采用社會學(xué)研究的視野,充分考慮了翻譯活動的復(fù)雜性,跳出直譯/意譯,忠實(shí)/譯寫等……