【中圖分類號】R743;R651 【文獻標志碼】A 【文章編號】1672-7770(2025)02-0121-05
Abstract: Objective To explore the medium-andlong-term curative effects after cerebrovascular revascularization for children with unilateral hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods The clinical data of 13 pediatric patients with unilateral hemorrhagic MMD who underwent treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from October 2010 to February 2025 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 1l received combined superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery( STA-MCA) bypass with encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis( EDAS),1 underwent EDAS alone, and 1 was treated conservatively. Follow-up endpoints included rebleeding, cerebral infarction, and death. ResultsAmong 13 children, intraventricular hemorrhage predominated in 4 cases (38.5% ). During a median follow-up of 93 months(IQR 51 -133), rebleeding occurred in 1 patient (7.7%) at 29 months post-EDAS surgery. Additionally, 1 patient( 7.7% )experienced a transient ischemic attack ( TIA) 2 months after combined revascularization, followed by a new cerebral infarction at 7 months postoperatively. No mortality or contralateral progression was observed on follow-up computed tomography angiography(CTA). Favorable neurological outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ?2 )were achieved in 84.6%(11/13)of cases. Conclusions Unilateral hemorrhagic MMD in pediatric patients shows a low risk of contralateral progression during medium-and long-term follow-up.Combined cerebral revascularization effectively mitigates rebleeding risk and ensures favorable neurological outcomes, highlighting its safety and efficacy in pediatric populations.
Key words: moyamoya disease; cerebrovascular revascularization; child; neurological prognosis; follow-up study
煙霧?。╩oyamoyadisease,MMD)是一種以顱內動脈末端慢性進行性狹窄/閉塞伴代償性煙霧狀血管網形成為特征的腦血管疾病,其病因尚未完全闡明,可能與遺傳(如RNF213基因突變)、免疫異常或環境因素相關[1-3]。盡管MMD以雙側腦血管病變為典型特征,但部分患者早期可能表現為單側受累(約
)[4,5],稱為單側煙霧?。╱nilateral moyamoya disease,U-MMD),這類患者可進展為雙側病變或停止于穩定期[]兒童MMD的病理生理機制具有特殊性,其臨床表現以缺血性事件為主,如短暫性腦缺血發作(transientischemic attack,TIA)、腦梗死,而出血型發生率僅為
,但其病死率和致殘率顯著高于缺血型,亟待深入探究其疾病演進規律。
目前,成人MMD的診療體系已相對成熟,腦血運重建手術(如淺動脈-大腦中動脈吻合術、腦硬膜動脈血管融通術)被證實可改善腦灌注并降低卒中風險[9-10],然而,兒童患者的干預策略仍存爭議。一方面,兒童血管條件限制直接吻合技術應用,間接血運重建術,如腦硬膜動脈血管融通術(encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis,EDAS),因微創性成為主流選擇;另一方面,對于出血型兒童患者是否需早期干預尚無共識。既往研究發現,未經手術的出血型MMD患者再出血風險高達
,但針對兒童病例的長期隨訪研究嚴重不足。此外,單側與雙側MMD的治療決策差異、術式選擇對遠期神經功能的影響,以及疾病自然史中的對側進展風險,均缺乏高質量循證依據。本研究回顧性分析2010年10月—2025年2月北京天壇醫院收治的13例單側出血型MMD患兒的臨床資料,探討兒童單側出血型MMD的中長期( ?……