高油抗病油菜品種禹油35的選育與高產栽培技術

摘"要：禹油35是用細胞質雄性不育系漢11A與優良恢復系S12R雜交選育而成，于2019-2021年兩年參加長江流域多試點品種區域試驗，增產顯著，在長江上游區平均產量3 460.04 kg/hm2，比對照增產9.09%；在中游區平均產量2 971.14 kg/hm2，比對照增產7.21%；在下游區平均產量3 260.11 kg/hm2，比對照增產7.70%。平均含油量50.00%，芥酸含量0，硫苷含量8.91 μmol/g·餅，高抗菌核病和病毒病，抗倒性強，是一個高產、高油、抗病、適應性廣的優質油菜新品種，適宜在長江上、中、下游冬油菜區推廣種植。

關鍵詞：高油；抗病；禹油35；品種選育；栽培技術；

中圖分類號：S565.4""文獻標識碼：B""文章編號：0488-5368（2025）03-0057-05

Breeding and High-yield Cultivation Techniques for High-oil and Disease "Resistance Rapeseed Variety‘Yuyou 35’

QU Liying "SHEN Guopeng "SUN Xiaomin "XING Lihong "XUE Yan "ZHANG Yanxia

（Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center， Hanzhong， Shaanxi，723000， China ）

Abstract： ‘Yuyou 35’ is a new rapeseed variety with high yield， high oil content， and strong disease resistance. It was developed by crossing the cytoplasmic male sterile line Han 11A with the restorer line S12R. From 2019 to 2021， it was tested in regional trials at different locations in the Yangtze River Basin and showed a clear yield increase. The average yield was 3，460.04 kg/hm2 in the upper Yangtze River region， 9.09% higher than the control. In the middle region， the yield was 2，971.14 kg/hm2， an increase of 7.21%， and in the lower region， it was 3，260.11 kg/hm2， 7.70% higher than the control. The average oil content was 50.00%， with 0% erucic acid and a glucosinolate content of 8.91 μmol/g. ‘Yuyou 35’ had strong resistance to sclerotinia and viral diseases and was highly resistant to lodging. Due to its high yield， high oil content， strong disease resistance， and wide adaptability， it is suitable for large-scale planting in the winter rapeseed regions of the upper， middle， and lower Yangtze River Basin.

Key words： High oil; Disease resistance; ‘Yuyou 35’; Breeding; Cultivation techniques

目前，我國食用油的自給率僅在35%左右，面臨嚴重不足的挑戰，60%以上依賴進口，面對復雜的國際形勢，食用油安全風險較大[1]。油菜是我國第一大油料作物，年種植面積基本穩定在667萬hm2左右，總產量約1 400萬t[1]，菜籽油占國產植物油的55%以上，提高油菜產能，讓老百姓的“油瓶子”盡可能多的裝中國油，對提高食用油自給率，保障國家食用油供給安全意義重大[1]。“擴面積”（充分發掘我國鹽堿地、南方冬閑田的生產潛力，提高品種適應性，擴大種植面積）、“提單產”（包括高產和穩產）、“提油量”（菜籽含油量每提高1個百分點，相當于單位面積菜籽增產2.5～3個百分點[2]，含油量高，產油量增加更為明顯）是提升油菜產能的三個主要途徑。我國油菜育種家兼顧各途徑的目標進行研究，經過不懈努力，選育出了一些集高產、高含油量、適應性廣、抗病性好、適宜機械化于一體的優良油菜品種，如已在生產上大面積應用的中……