站用磷酸鐵鋰直流操作電源的研究與應用

摘" 要： 為了解決磷酸鐵鋰電池在直流操作電源中長期浮充和運維工作量大的問題，提出一種適用于此系統的控制策略。首先，給出磷酸鐵鋰直流操作電源的主電路拓撲結構，闡述其運行工作原理；然后，提出間歇式充電控制策略，避免電池長期處于浮充狀態，并引入有源并網放電技術的放電控制以降低電池運維工作量，通過串聯二極管的溫控風冷散熱設計，實現了負荷的獨立不間斷供電；最后，根據系統運行工況的分析，給出系統電壓和電流參數的運行變化曲線。研制了站用磷酸鐵鋰直流操作電源系統樣機，實驗結果表明，所提控制策略正確且有效，可為磷酸鐵鋰電池在變電站的應用及推廣提供參考。

關鍵詞： 磷酸鐵鋰電池； 直流操作電源； 有源并網放電技術； 間歇式充電； 核容式放電； 獨立不間斷供電

中圖分類號： TN86?34" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 文獻標識碼： A" " " " " " " " " " " "文章編號： 1004?373X（2025）06?0068?05

Research and application of lithium iron phosphate DC operating power

supply for substation

ZHAO Jing1， 2， ZHANG Weigang2

（1. Henan Network Engineering Intelligent Service Engineering Research Center， Xuchang 461000， China;

2. Xuchang Vocational Technical College， Xuchang 461000， China）

Abstract： In order to solve the problem of long?term floating charge and large operation and maintenance workload of lithium iron phosphate battery in DC operating power supply， a novel control strategy suitable for this system is proposed. The main circuit topology of lithium iron phosphate DC operating power supply is given， and its operating principle is described. The internal charging control strategy is proposed to avoid the battery being in floating charging state for a long time， and the discharge control of active grid?connected discharge technology is introduced to reduce the workload of battery operation and maintenance. The independent uninterrupted power supply of the load is realized by means of the temperature controlled and air?cooled heat dissipation design with series diode. According to the analysis of the operating condition of the system， the operating curves of the system voltage and current parameters are given. The prototype of the lithium iron phosphate DC operating power supply for substation is developed. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is correct and effective， which can provide reference for the application and popularization of lithium iron phosphate battery in substation.

Keywords： lithium iron phosphate battery; DC operating power supply; active grid?connected discharge technology; internal charging; nuclear capacitive discharging; independent uninterrupted power supply

0" 引" 言

蓄電池作為備用電源，是站用直流操作電源系統的重要組成部分，是保證負荷不間斷供電的最后一道防線[1]。然而，閥控鉛酸蓄電池含有對人體及環境有害的重金屬且維護工作量大[2]。隨著綠色環保和節能減排的需求日益強烈，具有安全環保和可維護性等特點的磷酸鐵鋰電池[3?4]開始得到應用。

有研究以單體電池串并聯形成電池組，然后通過串聯方式組成滿足站用母線電壓需求的磷酸鐵鋰電池簇，然而客觀存在不能過充過放和一致性差等不足，同時長期的浮充電運行工況會使得電池材料表現出不穩定性，其結構會發生改變或破壞，從而導致電池浮充失效及性能衰減，甚至會帶來安全隱患，進而引發一系列安全問題[5?6]?！?br>