








【摘要】 目的 探索自發性腦出血(sICH)患者近期轉歸的關鍵影響因素,并建立相應的預測模型。方法 回顧性分析2021年1月—2024年4月在徐州醫科大學附屬醫院神經外科就診的250例sICH患者,通過改良Rankin量表(mRS)評分系統進行評估,將患者分成預后良好組103例和預后不良組147例。本研究擬采用單因素分析、多因素Logistic回歸分析等方法,建立腦出血患者的Nomogram模型,并采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線、校準曲線等方法對模型進行評估。結果 兩組患者的格拉斯哥昏迷指數(GCS)評分、白蛋白、血腫體積、收縮壓、中性粒細胞(NBC)、中性粒細胞/淋巴細胞比值(NLR)、D-二聚體(D-D)、D-二聚體/白蛋白比值(DAR)均有顯著性差異(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示sICH 患者的NLR高、GCS評分低、D-D高、DAR高是其短期預后不良的重要獨立危險因素(P<0.05)。以此建立Nomogram模型,ROC曲線表明預測sICH患者預后不良的曲線下面積(AUC)為0.912(95% CI=0.864~0.976),ROC曲線和校準曲線表明該Nomogram模型性能較高。結論 NLR、GCS評分、D-D、DAR是sICH患者預后的獨立危險因素,基于這些指標建立的Nomogram預測模型在判斷sICH患者預后方面具有更好的價值。
【關鍵詞】 D-二聚體;D-二聚體/白蛋白比值;腦出血;預后;預測模型
【中圖分類號】 R743" 【文獻標志碼】 A" 【文章編號】 1672-7770(2025)01-0055-07
Influencing factors and prediction model construction of short-term prognosis after surgery in patients with spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage
Abstract: Objective To explore the key influencing factors on the short-term outcomes of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH) and establish a corresponding predictive model. Methods A total of 250 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to April 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. Evaluations were performed using the modified Rankin scale(mRS) score system, categorizing patients into a good prognosis group(103 cases) and a poor prognosis group(147 cases). The study intended to use univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and other methods to establish a Nomogram model for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and calibration curves. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in GCS score, albumin, hematoma volume, systolic blood pressure, neutrophils(NBC), lymphocytes(LY), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), D-dimer(D-D), and the D-dimer/albumin ratio (DAR) (Plt;0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high NLR, low GCS score, high D-D, and high DAR were important independent risk factors for poor short-term prognosis in sICH patients(Plt;0.05). A Nomogram model was established based on these factors. The ROC curve indicated that the area under curve(AUC) for predicting"poor prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage was 0.861(95% CI=0.804-0.917). The ROC curve and calibration curve showed that this Nomogram model has high performance. Conclusions NLR, GCS score, D-D and DAR are independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The Nomogram prediction model based on these indicators has better value in judging the prognosis of sICH patients.
Key words: D-dimer; D-dimer/albumin ratio; intracerebral hemorrhage; prognosis; prediction model
自發性腦出血(spontaneous intracerebral hemor-rhage,sICH)是一種治療難度極大的神經外科疾病。統計數據顯示,sICH占急性腦血管疾病的10%~30%,其患者死亡率和幸存者的致殘率也很高[1]。近年來,sICH的發病率逐年升高,尤其在發展中國家,研究腦出血患者的疾病進程及預后,對其疾病進展及預后的影響至關重要[2]。因此對于sICH患者,迫切需要一種可靠的方法,可以簡便、快速、準確地評價疾病的嚴重性及預后。……