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關鍵詞: 無線傳感器網絡; 接收信號強度指示; 路徑損耗因子; 定位; 樽海鞘群算法; 引力搜索算法
中圖分類號: TN711?34; TP212.9" " " " " " " " " "文獻標識碼: A" " " " " " " " " " 文章編號: 1004?373X(2025)05?0181?06
RSSI localization based on improved salp swarm algorithm with unknown path loss factor
CHEN Likun, ZHANG Yong, FAN Dazhao, LIU Sufang
(School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330000, China)
Abstract: Usually, it is required to measure the path loss factor ([n] value) in advance for the wireless sensor network (WSN) localization based on received signal strength indication (RSSI). Re?measurement and calibration of the [n] value in different environments increase the complexity of the localization greatly. In view of this, a localization method that does not require measuring the [n] value is proposed. Initially, the ratio method is used to eliminate the uncertain influence of the reference nodes in the path loss model. Then, the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is improved by the employment of the gravitational search algorithm (GSA), which is named as SSA?GSA. Meanwhile, the [n] value and the coordinates of the signal source are searched for. In comparison with the conventional localization methods, this approach is not constrained by environmental conditions, enabling real?time system localization at the WSN monitoring site without additional measurement and calculation of the [n] value. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can not only reduce localization costs, but also exhibit higher localization accuracy, so it is of feasibility.
Keywords: WSN; RSSI; path loss factor; location; SSA; GSA
0" 引" 言
無線傳感器網絡(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)是眾多傳感器節點通過無線通信技術組網,具有數據采集、處理和傳輸的功能。得益于使用的微型傳感器成本低、功耗低,WSN的優點十分顯著,已廣泛應用于多個領域,信號源節點定位技術是WSN的關鍵技術之一[1?3]。
無線傳感器網絡定位算法中主要分測距與非測距兩類定位算法[4]。其中,測距相關的定位算法根據信號參數測量信號源到傳感點之間的距離,主要有到達時間差[5](Time Difference of Arrival, TDOA)、到達角度(Angle of Arrival, AOA)以及接收信號強度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI);然后再根據這些距離信息,采用三邊測量、最小二乘法等方法估計信號源位置。無需測距的定位算法主要有質心定位算法、DV?HOP算法等[6?8],該算法定位誤差較大;……