四川盆地典型地震災(zāi)區(qū)居民住房受損影響因素及特征分析

摘要： 2021年9月16日，四川瀘縣發(fā)生MS6.0地震，導(dǎo)致瀘縣18個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)不同程度受災(zāi)。通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的調(diào)查資料，定量統(tǒng)計(jì)出災(zāi)區(qū)居民住房損壞情況，評(píng)估房屋結(jié)構(gòu)、震中距離同居民住房損壞程度間的關(guān)系，并建立四川盆地典型地震災(zāi)區(qū)不同地震烈度下的居民住房易損性矩陣。在此基礎(chǔ)上，比較此次地震與同震級(jí)下其他地震平均震害指數(shù)的差異，進(jìn)而探討研究區(qū)居民住房破壞程度的特征及原因，得出以下結(jié)論：（1）住房易損性由高到低為磚混結(jié)構(gòu)、磚木及其他結(jié)構(gòu)（土木、木、石砌結(jié)構(gòu)）、鋼混結(jié)構(gòu);（2）瀘縣地震中90%的住房損壞出現(xiàn)在震中距6 600 m內(nèi)的區(qū)域;（3）比較同震級(jí)兩次地震發(fā)現(xiàn)，盆地對(duì)居民住房造成的損壞比山地低1～2倍。研究結(jié)果可為四川盆地及其他地震多發(fā)地區(qū)震后災(zāi)損快速評(píng)估、居民住房規(guī)劃重建提供科學(xué)參考依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞： 地震; 房屋結(jié)構(gòu); 易損性; 四川盆地

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)： P315.9"""" "文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A"" 文章編號(hào)： 1000-0844（2025）02-0492-09

DOI：10.20000/j.1000-0844.20230309001

Influencing factors and characteristics of residential housing damage

in typical earthquake-stricken areas of the Sichuan Basin

PENG Qiaoqiao1， MENG Xiangrui^1，2， DI Baofeng^1，3， ZENG Yajie1， LUO Xiaolong^1，2， HU Shunzhong4

（1.Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction， Sichuan University-the Hong Kong Polytechnic University，

Sichuan University， Chengdu 610207， Sichuan， China;

2.Department of Emergency Management of Sichuan Province-Sichuan University Comprehensive

Disaster Reduction Research Center， Chengdu 610207， Sichuan， China;

3. National Archaeological Experimental Teaching Center， Sichuan University， Chengdu 610044， Sichuan， China;

4. Office of Reorganization Affairs， Chengdu Military Region， Chengdu 610000， Sichuan， China）

Abstract：

An MS6.0 earthquake occurred on September 16th， 2021， and affected 18 towns in Luxian County， Sichuan Province， with varying degrees. The seismic damage of residential houses in these areas is quantitatively analyzed through an onsite survey， and the relationship among house structures， epicentral distance， and degree of residential damage is assessed. A matrix of residential housing vulnerability in typical earthquake-stricken areas of the Sichuan Basin with different intensities is then established. Considering this matrix， the difference in average earthquake damage indexes between the affected areas and other regions that previously experienced earthquakes of the same magnitude is compared. Furthermore， the characteristics and factors that contribute to the residential housing damage in the study area are discussed， and the following conclusions are drawn： （1） The vulnerability of houses from high to low is brick-concrete structures， brick-wood and other structures （civil， wood， and stone structures）， and steel-concrete structures; （2） 90% of the housing damage during the Luxian earthquake occurred in the area within 6 600 m from the epicenter; （3） Under two earthquakes with the same magnitude， the damage to residential houses in the basin is 1-2 times lower than that in the mountains. The results of this study can be used as a scientific reference for the rapid assessment of damages， planning， and reconstruction of residential housing after earthquakes in the Sichuan Basin and other earthquake-prone areas.

Keywords：

earthquake; housing structure; vulnerability; Sichuan Basin

0 引言

地震是一種突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、破壞力巨大、對(duì)人類(lèi)的生命以及財(cái)產(chǎn)安全有著重大威脅的自然災(zāi)害^［1］。聯(lián)合國(guó)提出的自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性表達(dá)式為：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（risk）=危險(xiǎn)性（hazard）×易損性（fragility）^［2］。由于地震預(yù)報(bào)仍是世界性難題，其危險(xiǎn)性難以防范，對(duì)其易損性的研究是降低地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)十分重要的一環(huán)。根據(jù)大量震害調(diào)查結(jié)果，地震導(dǎo)致的人員傷亡、直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失中90%以上都是由建筑物的倒塌破壞造成的^［3-5］。因此，對(duì)居民住房的易損性及其在地震中的受損影響因素及特征進(jìn)行研究對(duì)于減少地震造成的損失具有重要意義。……