基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和弱反射光柵陣列的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用

摘" 要： 我國(guó)是世界上地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型最多、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一，而雨量監(jiān)測(cè)和形變監(jiān)測(cè)在地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用，因此確保地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行以及在降雨期間的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行尤為重要。文中基于STM32微控制器、LORA模塊、4G模塊設(shè)計(jì)了一款物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)采集控制板，并結(jié)合壓電式雨量傳感器、拉繩位移傳感器研制了雨量智能監(jiān)測(cè)儀、裂縫位移智能監(jiān)測(cè)儀；結(jié)合物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)采集控制板和弱反射光柵陣列傳感技術(shù)構(gòu)建了基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的弱反射光柵地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害體的定時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和降雨期間的自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)；最后將雨量智能監(jiān)測(cè)儀、裂縫位移智能監(jiān)測(cè)儀和弱反射光柵地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于桐梓縣大河鎮(zhèn)新場(chǎng)火車站新場(chǎng)滑坡、崩塌的監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中。監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)表明，弱反射光柵監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)測(cè)得傳感光纜41#弱反射光柵傳感段的位移變化達(dá)5 mm，在其附近的位移監(jiān)測(cè)儀也測(cè)到有位移變化，可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的定時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和降雨期間的自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)。

關(guān)鍵詞： 弱反射光柵； 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害； 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)； 雨量監(jiān)測(cè)； 位移監(jiān)測(cè)； 光纖傳感； 光柵傳感器； 滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)

中圖分類號(hào)： TN29?34" " " " " " " " " " " " " " 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A" " " " " " " " " " " " "文章編號(hào)： 1004?373X（2025）01?0144?07

Design and application of geological disaster monitoring system"based on IoT and weak?reflection fiber grating array

ZHANG Xiaofei1， 2， Lü Zhonghu1， 2， MENG Qingjia1， 2， WANG Chenhui1， 2

（1. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey， CGS， Tianjin 300304， China;

2. Technology Innovation Center for Geological Environment Monitoring， MNR， Baoding 071051， China）

Abstract： China is one of the countries with the most types of and the most serious geological disasters in the world. Rainfall monitoring and deformation monitoring play an increasingly important role in geological disaster monitoring， so it is particularly important to ensure the long?term operation of the geological disaster monitoring system and its stable operation during rainfall. In view of the above， this paper designs an IoT data acquisition control board on the basis of the microcontroller STM32， LORA module and 4G module， and develops a rainfall intelligent monitor and a crack displacement intelligent monitor by combining piezoelectric rain sensor and drawstring displacement sensor. A weak?reflection fiber grating geological disaster monitoring system is constructed in combination with the IoT data acquisition control board and weak?reflection fiber grating array sensing technology， so as to realize the regular monitoring of geological disaster body and the automatic monitoring during rainfall. Finally， the rainfall intelligent monitor， the crack displacement intelligent monitor and the weak?reflection fiber grating geological disaster monitoring system are applied to the monitoring experiment of the landslide and collapse of Xinchang Railway Station in Dahe Town， Tongzi County. The monitoring data show that the displacement changes of the No. 41 weak?reflection fiber grating sensing section is up to 5 mm measured by the weak?reflection fiber grating monitoring system， and the displacement monitor nearby also detected the displacement changes. Therefore， the system can effectively realize the regular monitoring of geological disasters and automatic monitoring during rainfall.

Keywords： weak?reflection fiber grating; geological disaster; IoT; rainfall monitoring; displacement monitoring; fiber optic sensing; grating sensor; landslide monitoring

0" 引" 言

我國(guó)由于地域廣闊、地質(zhì)較為復(fù)雜，因此成為世界上地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型最多、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一。降雨是導(dǎo)致地質(zhì)災(zāi)害失穩(wěn)的諸多外界因素中最重要的影響因素之一，尤其對(duì)滑坡、崩塌之類的斜坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的形成起決定性作用[1]。……