南通市蠶豆赤斑病病原菌鑒定及其抑菌藥劑篩選

收稿日期：2024-01-15

基金項目：江蘇省種業(yè)揭榜掛帥項目[JBGS（2021）058]；江蘇現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項目[JATS（2023）158]；江蘇沿江地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究所青年科技基金項目[YJ（2022）009]

作者簡介：王 凡（1989-），女，江蘇南通人，博士，助理研究員，主要從事蠶豆抗病育種研究。（E-mail）2320951333@qq.com

通訊作者：吳春芳，（E-mail）jsyias@163.com

摘要： 為明確江蘇省南通市蠶豆赤斑病的病原菌種類，對致病菌進(jìn)行分離純化，并結(jié)合致病性測定、形態(tài)學(xué)觀察和多基因堿基序列分析對疑似病原菌進(jìn)行鑒定。結(jié)果表明，南通市蠶豆赤斑病病原菌為擬蠶豆葡萄孢（Botrytis fabiopsis）。生物學(xué)特性分析結(jié)果表明，該病原菌菌絲的最適生長溫度為25 ℃，最適光照條件為12 h光照+12 h黑暗，對pH不敏感，最適碳源為葡萄糖，最適氮源為酵母膏、牛肉膏和硫酸銨，最適培養(yǎng)基為馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂（PDA）培養(yǎng)基。抑菌藥劑篩選結(jié)果表明，2.0%苦參堿水劑和10.0%苯醚甲環(huán)唑水分散粒劑對病原菌的抑制效果最好，半數(shù)效應(yīng)濃度（EC50）分別為0.005 4 mg/L和0.755 4 mg/L，而10.0%多抗霉素可濕性粉劑和80.0%波爾多液可濕性粉劑對病原菌幾乎無抑制效果。本研究結(jié)果可為江蘇省南通市蠶豆赤斑病的科學(xué)防治提供理論基礎(chǔ)。

關(guān)鍵詞： 蠶豆；赤斑病；病原鑒定；生物學(xué)特性；抑菌藥劑

中圖分類號： S436.43"" 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼： A"" 文章編號： 1000-4440（2024）10-1810-08

Identification and screening of antifungal agents for the pathogen causing broad bean chocolate spot in Nantong City

WANG Fan， BIAN Xiaochun， LIU Chenwei， XU Renchao， LU Hongchen， WU Chunfang

（Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Nantong 226012， China）

Abstract： To clarify the pathogen causing broad bean chocolate spot in Nantong City， Jiangsu province， the pathogen was isolated and purified， and the suspected pathogen was identified through pathogenicity testing， morphological observation， and multi-gene base sequence analysis. The results indicated that the pathogen of broad bean chocolate spot in Nantong City was Botrytis fabiopsis. The results of biological characteristics analysis showed that the optimal growth temperature for the pathogen was 25 ℃， and the optimal light condition was 12 h light + 12 h dark. The pathogen was insensitive to pH. The optimal carbon source for the pathogen was glucose， the optimal nitrogen sources were yeast extract， beef extract， and ammonium sulfate， and the optimal culture medium was potato dextrose agar （PDA） medium. The screening results of antifungal agents indicated that 2.0% sophocarpidine aqueous solution and 10.0% difenoconazole water dispersible granules had the best inhibitory effect on the pathogen， with median effective concentration （EC50） of 0.005 4 mg/L and 0.755 4 mg/L， respectively. However， 10.0% polyoxin wettable powder and 80.0% Bordeaux liquid wettable powder had almost no inhibitory effect on the pathogen. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific prevention and control of broad bean chocolate spot in Nantong City， Jiangsu province.

Key words： Vicia faba L.；chocolate spot；pathogen identification；biological characteristics；antifungal agents

蠶豆（Vicia faba L.）是重要的糧食、蔬菜、飼料和綠肥兼用豆科作物，適應(yīng)性廣，有較強(qiáng)的固氮能力^[1]。蠶豆?fàn)I養(yǎng)價值高，蛋白質(zhì)含量極為豐富，富含人體必須氨基酸、維生素A、維生素B2和鈣、鐵、鋅等礦質(zhì)元素^[2]。真菌病害是限制蠶豆生產(chǎn)的主要因素，目前為止，蠶豆上常見的真菌病害有銹病、赤斑病、根腐病、枯萎病、褐斑病和葉斑病等^[3]，其中赤斑病是世界蠶豆產(chǎn)區(qū)的一種主要病害。……