基于免像控空地融合技術(shù)的古式建筑精細(xì)建模研究

摘" 要：古式建筑因其具有結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、構(gòu)件精細(xì)等特點(diǎn)，采用常規(guī)傾斜攝影建模方法，通常存在房檐底部拉花、立面紋理不清晰等問題。該文提出一種基于單鏡頭無人機(jī)空中井字航線影像、貼近環(huán)拍視頻分幀影像、多向空地銜接影像和地面近景照片數(shù)據(jù)的免像控空地融合精細(xì)建模方法，選取青島即墨古城的古式建筑為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，將該方法與常規(guī)傾斜攝影建模方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該文方法在生產(chǎn)效率、紋理精細(xì)度和空間精度上均要優(yōu)于常規(guī)傾斜攝影建模方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：即墨古城；無人機(jī)免像控；空地影像融合；精細(xì)建模；技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)

中圖分類號(hào)：P231" " " 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A" " " " " 文章編號(hào)：2095-2945（2024）25-0024-05

Abstract： Because of its complex structure and fine components， the conventional oblique photography modeling method usually has some problems， such as flower drawing at the bottom of the eaves， unclear facade texture and so on. This paper presents a fine modeling method of image-free air-ground fusion based on single-lens UAV air well route image， close-to-loop video framing image， multi-directional air-ground connection image and ground close-up photo data. The ancient architecture of Jimo ancient city of Qingdao is selected as the experimental object， and this method is compared with the conventional oblique photography modeling method. The experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the conventional oblique photography modeling method in terms of production efficiency， texture fineness and spatial accuracy.

Keywords： Jimo ancient city; UAV image-free control; air-ground image fusion; fine modeling; technical experiment

古建筑是我國的無價(jià)瑰寶，無人機(jī)傾斜攝影建模方法因其成本低、效率高且自帶真實(shí)紋理等特點(diǎn)[1]，在近年來被很多學(xué)者廣泛應(yīng)用于古建筑模型重建[2]、修繕保護(hù)[3]與數(shù)字化建檔[4]等工作中。但是，針對(duì)古建筑的修繕需要盡可能地保留古建筑的原真性[5]，而常規(guī)無人機(jī)五向傾斜攝影建模方法在針對(duì)古式風(fēng)格的建筑進(jìn)行三維建模時(shí)，通常會(huì)因?yàn)闊o法獲取古式建筑檐下、立面、通道等結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)域的清晰影像，而導(dǎo)致模型視覺效果不佳，需要結(jié)合手工單體化精修[6]或激光點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)融合[7]等方法才能解決，極大地增加了建模成本。為了解決以上問題，本文提出了一種基于單鏡頭無人機(jī)空中井字航線傾斜影像、貼近環(huán)拍視頻分幀影像、多向空地銜接影像和地面近景照片數(shù)據(jù)的免像控空地融合精細(xì)建模方法。……