超大城市中心城區交通治理思路與對策研究

摘 要：【目的】為加強交通治理對策的針對性，提高建設資金和土地的使用效率，有必要對超大城市中心城區交通治理思路進行研究。【方法】采用國際案例比較、歸納演繹的研究方法，對國內外典型超大城市交通運行現狀特征進行比較研究。【結果】研究發現我國超大城市中心城區交通擁堵狀況已明顯好于近似人口規模和空間結構的國外發達城市。在軌道網絡化和共享單車等新型運輸工具支撐條件下，居民出行方式已發生明顯改變，通過繼續增加機動車容量試圖緩解交通擁堵的邊際效應正明顯下降。【結論】在機動化出行方式發生明顯轉變、構建低碳城市的背景下，我國超大城市交通治理工作重心應進行調整，更加關注軌道交通與土地協同開發、慢行空間環境整體改善、品質化多元交通的有效供給等。

關鍵詞：超大城市；交通治理；交通擁堵；成都市

中圖分類號：U491" "文獻標志碼：A" " "文章編號：1003-5168（2024）11-0069-04

DOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2024.11.014

Research on Traffic Management Ideas and Countermeasures in the Central Urban Area of Megacities

HE Shengjiang

（Sichuan Yatong Engineering Consulting Co.， Ltd.， Chengdu 610064，China）

Abstract： [Purposes] To improve the pertinence of traffic management measures and improve the efficiency of construction fund investment，it is necessary to study the traffic management ideas of the central urban area of megacities.[Methods] Using international case comparison， induction and deduction research methods， a comparative study was conducted on the characteristics of the transportation operation status of typical mega cities at home and abroad. [Findings] It was found that the traffic congestion in the central urban areas of mega cities in China has been significantly better than that of developed overseas megacities with similar population size and spatial structure. Under the support of new transportation tools such as rail network and shared bicycles， the mode of transportation for residents has undergone significant changes， and the marginal effect of continuing to increase the capacity of motor vehicles in an attempt to alleviate traffic congestion is significantly decreasing. [Conclusions] In the context of significant changes in motorized transportation modes and the construction of low-carbon cities， the focus of traffic governance in China's mega cities should be adjusted， and more attention should be paid to the coordinated development of rail transit and land， the overall improvement of slow traffic space environment， and the effective supply of high-quality and diversified transportation.

Keywords： mega cities; traffic management; traffic congestion; Chengdu City

0 引言

根據住房城鄉建設部2023年10月公布的《2022年城市建設統計年鑒》，我國超大城市數量已達到10個，城區總人口達到1.4億人，占我國城鎮總人口的15.4%，由此可見超大城市在城鎮序列中的定位。超大城市因其強大的人口規模效應，在創造巨大經濟價值的同時，均面臨交通擁堵的困境，為此，相關部門無一不把城市交通治理作為重要的民生工程予以長期關注。但長期以來，基于國際比較的交通治理目標制定和路徑舉措方面，忽視了國內外政府治理的制度背景、城市空間結構和居民出行習慣等，對于交通運行水平，也缺少基于統一標準的比較［1］。……