微波消解-氫化物原子熒光光譜法測定胡蘿卜硒含量

摘" 要：硒是人體內各種含硒酶及含硒蛋白的合成過程中必不可少的一種微量元素，能提高身體的免疫功能。硒對人體有一定的防癌作用，硒不但對腫瘤有抑制作用而且還能影響致癌物質的新陳代謝，素有“防癌之王”之稱。采用人工栽培方式生產的富硒胡蘿卜是一種較為理想的富硒型蔬菜。該文以胡蘿卜為研究對象，利用微波消解-氫化物原子熒光光譜法測定胡蘿卜中總硒的含量，探討不同微波消解溶劑和消解條件對含硒胡蘿卜消解效果的影響，并優化氫化物原子熒光光譜法測定條件。結果表明，最佳消解體系為HNO3-H2O2體系（5 mL∶2 mL）；最佳微波消解條件為，第一工步為2 min、0.2 MPa；第二工步為6 min、0.5 MPa和6 min、0.7 MPa；第三工步為5 min、1 MPa；在最優條件下，測硒的線性范圍為0～50 μg/L。對樣品空白熒光值進行10次測定，RSD=2.24%， 最低檢出限為0.90 μg/kg。土壤中施硒能夠顯著提高胡蘿卜中總硒的含量，較空白對照組提高6.50%（地上）和10.30%（地下），可食用（地下）部位的最高硒含量為445.90 μg/kg。

關鍵詞：微波消解；氫化物原子熒光光譜法；富硒；胡蘿卜；含量

中圖分類號：0657.31" " " 文獻標志碼：A" " " " "文章編號：2095-2945（2024）32-0071-04

Abstract： Selenium is an indispensable trace element in the synthesis of various selenium-containing enzymes and selenium-containing proteins in the human body， and can improve the body's immune function. Selenium has a certain anti-cancer effect on the human body. Selenium not only inhibits tumors， but also affects the metabolism of carcinogens. It is known as the \"king of cancer prevention\". Selenium-rich carrot produced by artificial cultivation is an ideal selenium-rich vegetable. In this paper， carrot was used as the research object to determine the total selenium content in carrot by microwave digestion-hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The effects of different microwave digestion solvents and digestion conditions on the digestion effect of carrot containing selenium were discussed， and the determination conditions of hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry were optimized. The results showed that the best digestion system was HNO3-H2O2 system （5 mL∶2 mL）; the best microwave digestion conditions were： the first step was 2 min， 0.2 MPa; the second step was 6 min， 0.5 MPa and 6 min， 0.7 MPa; the third step was 5 min， 1 MPa; under the optimal conditions， the linear range for selenium determination was 0～50 μg/L. The blank fluorescence value of the sample was determined 10 times， with RSD=2.24%， and the lowest detection limit of 0.90 μg/kg. Applying selenium to soil could significantly increase the total selenium content in carrots， which was increased by 6.50%（above ground） and 10.30%（underground） compared with the blank control group. The highest selenium content in edible （underground） parts was 445.90 μg/kg.

Keywords： microwave digestion; hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry; selenium-rich; carrot; content

硒是一種重要的微量元素，它參與了人體多種含硒酶和含硒蛋白的合成，可以增強機體的免疫力，研究顯示，硒對人體有一定的防癌作用，硒不但對腫瘤有抑制作用而且還能影響致癌物質的新陳代謝，素有“防癌之王”之稱[1]。硒的攝取必須從外部攝取，而人體攝取的硒主要來自于食物[2]。在日常生活中，人們可以通過喝茶、飲食等途徑獲得微量的硒。日常食用的糧食、蔬菜、水果、肉蛋奶和魚蝦蟹等，都是以有機硒的形式存在，是人體必需的硒元素[3]。……